Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde - 687 Words

Thesis-In The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde, main character, Dorian Gray , in his times of greatest pain chooses to focus only on what is beautiful which leads to his death and shows that beauty obscures reality. Dorian Grays romantic interest, Sibyl kills herself after an altercation with Dorian; he looks at the nature around him to avoid the reality of the suicide that he has caused. Dorian first sees Sibyl when she acts at a rundown and low quality theater. She acts as many characters from several of Shakespeare’s plays, such as Juliet, Imogen, and Ophelia from Romeo and Juliet, Cymbeline, and Hamlet. Dorian immediately is enamored with Sibyl; her acting ability awes him. Dorian proposes to Sibyl, but after a performance her and Dorian mercilessly fight with each other. Later after the argument, Sibyl kills herself. Dorian’s friend Lord Henry comes to Dorian’s home to inform him of her suicide. Lord Henry tells Dorian My letter-dont be frightened- was to tell you that Sibyl Vane is dead.† and â€Å" A cry of pain broke from the lads[Dorian’s] lips, and he leaped to his feet, tearing his hands away from Lord Henrys grasp. Dead! Sibyl dead! It is not true! It is a horrible lie! How dare you say it?(Wilde 101). Dorian is taken aback and astounded to hear the news of the death of Sibyl. The alliteration â€Å"lads lips, and he leaped† show the fluidity in which the actions occurred. The repetitive l sound shows that Dorian’s emotions happened at once because theShow MoreRelatedThe Picture Of Dorian Gray By Oscar Wilde2792 Words   |  12 Pages The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde In Oscar Wilde’s first novel The Picture of Dorian Gray, Wilde strategically uses his main characters Lord Henry Wotton and Basil Hallward to represent good versus evil influences throughout the reading. In the book, Dorian Gray plays the role of the everyman who is in a vicious circle on having to decide between the side of good or evil. Lord Henry is the evil influence and is seen as a more devil-like character while Basil Hallward is the good ChristianityRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray By Oscar Wilde1523 Words   |  7 PagesReader Response Entry #6: Chapters 10-11 The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde was not received well by critics when it was published in 1890. This was because it contained themes of homosexuality and was considered scandalous. Now, it is just considered a philosophical novel dealing with morals. I think that this book would very much be viewed as indecent in Wilde’s time. For example, when talking about Dorian’s public image, Wilde writes, â€Å"Society--civilized society, at least--is never veryRead MoreThe Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde832 Words   |  3 Pagescharacteristics of self-destructive properties. In the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray, Oscar Wilde shows how these can lead to a man’s downfall. He displays this through the character of Dorian Gray. The novel explains how as Dorian grows up and through his life, he is ultimately destroyed by his own ego, vanity and inability to change or realize how what he does affects not only him but the lives of those around him. Dorian Gray struggles throughout the novel with the daunting facts that he isRead MoreThe Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde1967 Words   |  8 Pages In The Picture of Dorian Gray, Oscar Wilde disputes the role and conflicts between Aestheticism and morality. He exposes his contradictions and inner struggles throughout his three main characters: Lord Henry, a nobleman who criticizes the moralism and hypocrisy of Victorian society and openly expresses his Aesthetic thoughts, Dorian Gray, a handsome model influenced by Lord Henry’s views on beauty and morality, and Basil Hallward, an artist captivated by Dorian’s beauty. The novel mainly dealsRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray By Oscar Wilde1060 Words   |  5 PagesThe Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde is a philosophical/gothic fiction. Setting: The novel takes place in the peak of the Decadent artistic movement of the 1890s, which occurred in the Victorian era of London and is known for its judgmental social standards, highlighting the contrast between the wealthier, materialistic higher classes and the dull middle-class society, making the novel more audacious. Plot: A famous artist named Basil Hallward completes his first portrait of Dorian Gray: aRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray By Oscar Wilde1414 Words   |  6 Pagesto me†¦(â€Å"Fallenoracle†).† This quote from the tv series Quantico does an effective job of expressing what Lord Henry’s influence has done to Dorian Gray throughout the philosophical novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde. While some might argue that Dorian s actual nature does not change significantly, an additional perspective is that Dorian Gray is a dynamic character that gains negative character traits by becoming vain of his youth, increasingly paranoid of someone learning of his portraitRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray : Oscar Wilde2014 Words   |  9 PagesAdrian Balakumar Mr.Sal AP Lit 15 December 2014 The Picture of Dorian Gray - Oscar Wilde 1) In the book, The Picture of Dorian Gray, several characteristics of the world have been presented. The author portrays the world as a den of individuals with a skewed view of the immediate environment. The author depicts the world as a place where physical traits like beauty or handsomeness are important than a person’s virtues. Dorian spends his time studying music and other beautiful things that life hasRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray By Oscar Wilde1731 Words   |  7 PagesMy choice for this summer reading assignment was to read The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde. This is a philosophical fiction novel meaning it devotes a significant portion of the novel to sort the questions that are addressed in discursive philosophy, that can include: the role in society, the purpose of living, ethnic or morals, experience, etc. Throughout history art has played a huge role in portraying the structure of society and how the people play in it.The novel takes place in theRe ad MoreThe Influences of Oscar Wilde The Picture of Dorian Gray1582 Words   |  7 PagesThe Influences of Oscar Wilde Throughout his life Oscar Wilde had many strong influences exerted upon him. During his early childhood his mother influenced him and into college some of his professors and certain philosophers left a substantial impression upon him. Into adulthood these influences leaked out in his writing. These influences gave him ample ideas for writing The Picture of Dorian Gray. Wildes study of the Hellenistic ideals of Epicurus, his coddled lifestyle as a child and his devotionRead MoreOscar Wilde s The Picture Of Dorian Gray1544 Words   |  7 Pagescelebrity I find that it is inevitable to avoid being a part of some sort of controversy. At the height of Oscar Wilde’s career is where he found himself in just that. Although Wilde’s novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray is praised today, in the late 1800s it was seen by others as a negative shift in society and literature. In the film â€Å"Wilde†, after the release of The Picture of Dorian Gray, Wilde’s wife Constance and his mother Jane have a conversation in regards to the novel that gives insight to

Institutions and Entrepreneurship Development †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Institutions and Entrepreneurship Development. Answer: Introduction: The report below argues about the innovation and entrepreneurship as the contextual factor that affect the company's functioning. It discusses about the meaning of innovation and entrepreneurship and their role in the company called 7- Eleven. This company is discussed because it is called as one of the most innovative firms in the market. Thus, the study of this firm supports the study well. It also discusses about some of the recommendations that the company should adopt in order to make more improvements in the processes. The popularity of convenience stores is very much increased these days. As these stores allow the customers to buy their daily use products such as groceries, toiletries, soft drinks, tobacco, snacks food etc. All under one roof (Edquist, 2010). This is the reason why these stores are called convenience stores. 7- Eleven is one of the company that provides the customers with such facility of convenience stores. The company was originated at Taxas in the year of 1927. This company is considered as one of the largest companies that operate or provide license to operate the convenience stores (7-eleven franchises, 2017). The company operates around 21,000 units of convenience stores in the world. It is the convenience stores that serve the customers 24 hours a day and seven days a week. It has been analyzed that this company is very much customer oriented in nature as it focuses of fulfilling the needs of the customers. It is considered as one of the most innovative firm as compared to its other competitors Innovation and entrepreneurship: It is a well-known fact that competition is increasing with a high pace in almost all of the industries and businesses. In order to withstand in the industry and to compete with the competitors, it is very important to attract the customers and the market. There are many factors that affect the organizational decision regarding their processes and strategies. Innovation is one of the factors that play an important role in the organizational processes. This is because innovation in the processes and the business operations helps the business to be unique. Bringing uniqueness is very essential for the businesses these days as there are large number of companies serving the customer with the same type of products (Aidis, Estrin, Mickiewicz, 2008). Government of the counties is supporting the innovative ideas of the business because they have also realized that innovations the key to every businesss success and the success of businesses can only bring money to the nation. Innovation can be defined as the ability to think out of the box. In term of organization and businesses, it is the tendency to research in a particular area and think about bringing changes in the current processes so as to improve the same (Arogundade, 2011). Innovation can be brought up by conducting in depth research in the subject and by implementing new ideas in action in order to look for its results. It is basically the process of creating new ideas with the already available resources by exploiting the opportunities that are persisting in the market. It is not only the aspect of business idea that needs be innovated but the processes that are used to conduct the business can also undergo innovations in order to create and develop a new way to conduct the old activity. There are different types and levels of innovation that have been done by the organization. Revolution is the type or level of innovation at which the organization used to destruct the already existing process related to th e business and brought up changes in the process (Battilana, Leca Boxenbaum, 2009). The next level is termed as renewal. Renewal refers to making the changes that are new to the process and the last level is resilience that deals with continuous changes that bring about in the process or business according to the changing needs. This is a type of continuous process. Another factor that affects the process of business is entrepreneurship. It has different definition for different people. Entrepreneurship can be defined as the process of opening a new venture by the individual who has the capability of taking risks in the field in which he is finding an opportunity. Another definition of entrepreneurship argues that it is the process of innovation and creativity (Bessant Tidd, 2007). Thus, the overall discussion suggests that entrepreneurship is the process that allows the individual to exploit the opportunities available in the market with his own innovation so that his business can be unique enough to attract the customer in the market. There are many characteristics of being entrepreneurs and every business cannot say to be entrepreneurial business as entrepreneurship is very much related with innovation and creativity (Martin, 1994).Creativity is the first characteristic of the entrepreneurship as discussed earlier that creating new ideas and thinks out of the box reaming in the practical consideration is very important in the process of entrepreneurship. Innovation and entrepreneurship in 7- Eleven: As far as innovation is concerned, it has been analyzed that 7- Eleven is the company that fits in the example of an innovative firm. This is because the company is engaged in continuous innovation processes (Drucker, 2014).The first innovation is seen in the products of the company as company has introduced the market with some of the products that are very new such as Big gulp, Big bite, Slurpee etc. It has also been analyzed that the company always try to build up new methods to help their franchisees in order to make effective connection between the store and the customers. It is one of the companies that initiated the trend of introducing private brand products (Scholl, 2004). These products are sold on competitive prices to the competitors products. The availability of the company's private products and the other brands products under the same roof helps the customer to make effective comparison. Another innovation has been found in development of test kitchens. These kitchens are framed in order to develop and test new recipes and flavors that is being test before releasing into the market. Bringing technology in the business is another move of the company that helps in providing new shopping experience to the customers is also a strategy of the company but cannot said to be innovative. Introduction of bill pay app is a new way of paying bills by the customers. The company believes that innovation is done not only for the success of the business but is necessary for the changes that occur in the environment and the customers needs (Windrum Koch, 2008).The company concentrates on delivering the healthy and fresh products to the customers and to the stores. In order to conduct this activity, they collaborated with the farmer directly so that they can get fresh fruits, vegetables, grains etc. This nature of the company suggests that the company is entrepreneurial in nature as it has the characteristics of taking initiatives to bring change in the processes of the company such as in logistics of the company (Walters Rainbird, 2007). The company has improved its logistics system in such a way that helps them, to deliver all sorts of products along with these fresh products with great ease. The step of automation of all the system such as inventory, pay, etc. Allows the company to focus on customers rather than on these activities. This is because automation help the company to management these department very easily. The company is said to be in the stage of resilience as it believes in brining continuous change and modifications in the processes. In terms of innovation and entrepreneurship, the company is already excelling as it has taken initiatives to conduct many innovative activities in the company. It can be recommended to the company that it should focus on brings stability in the organization, this is because continues innovative bring changing the process and these changes need to be adopted by the company. The frequent process of adaptation may rupture the stability in the organization. Conclusion: The above discussion concludes that innovation and entrepreneurship is the very important and crucial part of any firms activities and processes. 7- Eleven is the firm that involves innovation in their processes to succeed (Amit Zott, 2012). It is considered as one of the most innovative firms in its industry. The company also shows some of the characteristics of true entrepreneurship. It has been concluded from the study that innovation and creativity plays an important roles in developing the company and also allow the companies to have some of the competitive advantage over others. References: 7-eleven franchises (2017). Why 7-eleven. [Online]. Accessed on: 9 may 2017, available at: https://franchise.7-eleven.com/franchise/always-innovating Aidis, R., Estrin, S., Mickiewicz, T. (2008). Institutions and entrepreneurship development in Russia: A comparative perspective.Journal of Business Venturing,23(6), 656-672 Amit, R., Zott, C. (2012). Creating value through business model innovation.MIT Sloan Management Review,53(3), 41. Arogundade, B. B. (2011). Entrepreneurship education: An imperative for sustainable development in Nigeria.Journal of emerging trends in educational research and policy studies (JETERAPS),2(1), 26-29. Battilana, J., Leca, B., Boxenbaum, E. (2009). 2 how actors change institutions: towards a theory of institutional entrepreneurship.Academy of Management annals,3(1), 65-107. Bessant, J., Tidd, J. (2007).Innovation and entrepreneurship. John Wiley Sons. Drucker, P. (2014).Innovation and entrepreneurship. Routledge. Edquist, C. (2010). Systems of innovation perspectives and challenges.African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development,2(3), 14-45. Martin, M. J. (1994).Managing innovation and entrepreneurship in technology-based firms(Vol. 20). John Wiley Sons. Scholl, W. (2004).Innovation und Information: Wie in Unternehmen neues Wissen produziert wird. Hogrefe Verlag. Walters, D., Rainbird, M. (2007). Cooperative innovation: a value chain approach.Journal of enterprise information management,20(5), 595-607. Windrum, P., Koch, P. M. (Eds.). (2008).Innovation in public sector services: entrepreneurship, creativity and management. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Wednesday, April 22, 2020

Narrative poems Essay Example

Narrative poems Paper A narrative poem always has a. characters, plot, setting b. humor c. strong images d. personification Its a. If there was a warning message set to Jimmy Jet and his TV what would it be. Not to watch or youll turn into a TV. What are the geese seen doing in the poem, the Geese The Geese are seen flying south for the winter. why does the speakers father in The Geese want to be like the Geese? A) because they are so pretty B)because they lay eggs C)because they taste good when they are cooked D)because they represent freedom and escape answer=D We know that the Geese is a lyric poem because it a)is about geese b)tells a story c)because it expresses feelings and emotions d)contains characters and dialogue answer=c In the walrus and the carpenter what does beseech mean O oysters, come walk with us! The walrus did beseech. a)command c)beg for b)scream d)question Answer=C when Jimmy jet grew pale and lean what did the author mean? A)Jimmy got thin B)Jimmy got fat c-Jimmy got tired and needed to lean against his sister d- Jimmy got sick ans. A what is a narrative poetry and what devices does it use? It uses poetic devices such as rhythm,compact language,rhyme and attention of sound. Its a form of poetry that tells a story making uses of the voices of a narrator and characters. who is the speaker in the walrus and the carpenter? the narrator what is the tone of this poem the walrus and the carpenter silly and ridiculous what are two main characters in the walrus and the carpenter doing when they are first seen? walking close at hand and both cried because there was so much sand according to the walrus and the carpenter why must the oysters end their walk? because the carpenter and the walrus are going to talk about many things what trick does the walrus and the carpenter play on the oysters they are going to give the oysters a loaf of bread, a pleasant walk, and talk along the beach. To get them away so they could eat the oysters What are the features of a lyric poem? short rhyming verses with focus on experiments or image or object while telling a story in a poetic form. In the lyric poem February Twilight What is the poet expressing feelings about? aloneness, and the person in the poem watching a star as it watched them. where is the speaker in Febr. Twilight beside a hill with new snow upon it. What does Jimmy turn into he turns into a complete tv in Jimmy jet and his tv set what is the speakers attitude towards Jimmy surprise because he watches so much tv. who is the speaker in the Geese the son of the father that watched the geese who is the author of the Walrus and the carpenter Lewis Carroll who is the author of the February Twilight Sara Teasdale Who is author of Jimmy jet and his tv set Shel silverstein Author of the geese is Richard Peck what is rhyme scheme of walrus ABCBDB rhyme scheme of February ABCB What is rhyme sheme of Jimmy Jet ABAB What is the rhyme scheme of the Geese ABAB how many stanzas in the geese 3 how many stanzas in walrus and the carpenter 18 how many stanzas are in February twilight 2 how many stazas are in jimmy jet and his tv set 5

Tuesday, March 17, 2020

Free sample - Application Essay for the University of Connecticut.. translation missing

Application Essay for the University of Connecticut.. Application Essay for the University of Connecticut.Many students find it rather difficult to fit into new environments especially those different from the ones they were brought up in. For one to be an asset to any new society that he/she is introduced to, adapting to it comes in handy. Given my ability to blend well with strangers and new environments, I will settle down without any problems so that I can start making valuable contributions to the University of Connecticut community. I consider my communication skills a wonderful personality trump card because it enables me speak a common language with people from diverse backgrounds. The medical career will combine well with these personality traits because it basically entails interacting with people. My strong science background will go a long way in enabling me succeed in the profession. I derive pleasure from carrying out charity work. I intend to use this talent in helping members of the university community in any arena of l ife. I intend to use my ability to mobilize others around a particular course to rally my college mates around activities such as helping the less fortunate in the society with the few resources which will be at our disposal. Finally, am self motivated, an attribute that sees me undertake an activity for the enjoyment it provides, the learning it allows as well as the feelings of accomplishment it evokes. This will definitely ensure that I live up to what is expected of me in the new society without any supervision as well as any external rewards or reinforcements. Seldom do I get the driving force to pursue any activity from verbal praises or any other rewards and this is the reason why my motivation in every task hardly fades. This attribute is bound to see me undertake tasks which are time-limited, routine and unexciting, which other people may not enjoy in the new community. Intrinsic motivation enables people to make sustained progress toward significant goals, learn to take risks as well as explore and develop their potential to the fullest. In my view, this would be very good for the University of Connecticut community.

Saturday, February 29, 2020

A Study Of The Coca-Cola Brand Using Maslow Hierarchy Of Needs Theory

A Study Of The Coca-Cola Brand Using Maslow Hierarchy Of Needs Theory Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory has existed for many decades and it is used to describe human beings behaviour and needs The theory describes how people have well defined needs which they desire to fulfil according to different degree of emergency. Physiological need is the first stage or the basic need stage which includes food, clothing, shelter, air and sex. Physiological needs are the factors that human beings cannot exist without and therefore they must be met (Lee, 2011). Moreover, the next step is the need of safety or security iswhere a person needs to feel secure or no harm can occur to him.The need of affiliation is another step where a person desires to interact with fellow human beings. The higher step in the hierarchy is the need for esteem where a person feels the need to be appreciated by people around him as a valuable person. The need for esteem may occur in a family setting or in a group in which one exists. The need for esteem may occur in an organization which the individual works in. An individual’s esteem may be fulfilled through recognition by status, sex, performance, experience, duration in which the person has been in the organization or by bonuses. The final stage of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is the indispensablerequirement of self-fulfilment which shows a person’s desire to use all the abilities one has to reach the supreme level that can be reached to feel satisfied and comfortable (Dima, Man , Kot, 2010) . From the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the Coca-Cola company products and the brands can be classified in self-fulfilment or accomplishment level (Donovan, 2003). This is because these beverages are not a necessity, but are used to achieve a need of fulfilment or luxury. Consumers use these commodities to make their lives more comfortable. Conclusion The Coca-Cola Company is a known brand in Australia and it offers a variety of brands. Consumers use the five step process in making decisions on which products to buy by comparing the Coca-Cola products to other substitute products in the market before arriving to the decision of purchasing the products offered by theCoca-Cola Company. The factor that may mostly influence decision making in buying the products is the financial status of the consumer. This is because most people may not afford them therefore, foregoing the products or opting for a cheaper option. In the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the products can be classified in the self-fulfilment level since they are just needed to make the consumers more comfortable.

Thursday, February 13, 2020

Strategic Leadership in a Changing World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Strategic Leadership in a Changing World - Essay Example News Corporation has been founded by Rupert Murdoch in the year 1979, and the company is headquartered at New York, NY, USA. The company operates in six business segments such as Cable Network Programming, Television, Direct Broadcast Satellite Television, Filmed Entertainment, Publishing and others (New York Times, 2013). Cable Network Programming division of News Corporation licenses and produces sports entertainment, business news, movies, general entertainment, etc. Filmed Entertainment division of the company offers animated and live-action motion pictures in the form of entertainment to customers. Television division of the company offers both network programming and broadcasting entertainment to customers (New York Times, 2013). Recently, News Corporation has acquired ESPN STAR Sports division through wholly owned subsidiary. According to the annual report published by News Corporation (2012), the company earns annual revenue of more than $30 billion from its global operations . Major entertainment divisions of the company include Fox Entertainment, National Geographic channel, Fox studios, etc. (News Corporation, 2012). The concept of strategic leadership in the form of competitive advantage was probably first identified by Porter (1985 and 1991). Porter (1985) has given the basic framework of ‘outside in’ approach which helps a firm to understand the particular market in terms of macro environmental (political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal) analysis and industry force analysis. Seminal research work of Michael Porter (1985) has given a 5 force framework which helps a firm to understand the business opportunity in particular market in terms buyer power, supplier power, threat of substitute, entry barrier and competitive rivalry. However, strategic leadership is more important from the competitive advantage perspective. In simple words, it can be said that companies can only achieve strategic leadership if it is able to achieve competitive advantage over other competitors. The question may arise that how a firm can achieve competitive advantage? Well, to answer this question, research scholars such as Barney (1986) has given the Resource Based View (RBV) model. According to Barney (1986), a firm should use its financial and non-financial resources which are valuable, rare, inimitable and non-substitutable in order to archive competitive advantage. Adner and Zemsky (2006) and Kraatz and Zajac (2001) have also found that availability of resources and optimal usage of these resources develop capabilities for firms and using the developed capabilities can help a firm to achieve competitive advantage or better to say strategic leadership. An eminent author has epistemologically created link between performance, strategic leadership and competitive advantage in the following manner; â€Å"Sustainable competitive advantage is more probable in firms that achieve sustained superior performance.â₠¬  (Powell, 2001, p. 879) Discussion about strategic leadership is incomplete without the mentioning the concept of ‘Core Competency’ given by Prahalad and Hamel (1990). These eminent scholars’ duo has suggested that companies can achieve core competency by strategically using its capabilities backed by valuable resources. Optimizing resources and capabilities in particular business operation can help firms to

Saturday, February 1, 2020

I do not have a topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

I do not have a topic - Essay Example This created an issue among her contemporaries criticizing her use of the language in her writings (Women in History). Depicted and massively explored in her works was the culture of the African-Americans effectively portrayed with her much controversial use of the common African-American language. An example of the usage of the black language can be read in one of her books, â€Å"So when we looked at de picture and everybody got pointed out there wasn’t nobody left except a real dark little girl with long hair standing by Eleanor. Dat’s where Ah wuz s’posed to be, but Ah couldn’t recognize dat dark chile as me. So Ah ast, ‘where is me? Ah don’t see me. (Hurston 13)† These realistic depictions appropriately displayed the life and culture of the African-Americans during her time. The writing style she had developed celebrated the Black culture incorporating dances, songs, sayings and tales. Moreover, her writings bluntly focused on the slavery issue which was deliberately avoided by other Harlem Renaissance writers. Her part in the feminist literature was also noted when she invaded the male dominated literary scene during that period. Female characters are eminent in Zora’s works addressing feminist issues like the character Janie Crawford in her book â€Å"Their Eyes Were Watching God† (Hurston, Zora Neale Introduction). Some writers who have been influenced by Hurston’s works were Ralph Ellison, Toni Morrison, Gayle Jones, Alice Walker, and Toni Cade Bambara. These writers specifically take after Hurston’s writings dealing with racism and feminism issues. Contrary to the criticisms hurled at Hurston’s works during her era, Zora contributed not only to the black American literature but also to the feminist literature and racist literature. Furthermore, her written works served as valuable reference of oral cultures of the African Americans and revolutionizing a comprehensive