Part of the Neuron Affected, Inhibitory or Excitatory Potential Changes

Part of the Neuron Affected, Inhibitory or Excitatory Potential Changes and Ion Channels Affected by Psilocybin Psilocybin belongs to the classification of drugs called hallucinogens. Hallucinogens typically act by stimulating serotonin receptors at different times or for longer durations than serotonin itself would (Kalat 2004). When psilocybin enters the brain, the enzyme alkaline breaks down one of its phosphate groups through hydrolysis. It then becomes psilocin, an even stronger hallucinogen (Psilocybin 2003). It is particularly potent due to the position of its hydroxyl group (Jacobs 1984). Psilocin is a postsynaptic serotonin receptor agonist. In other words, its similar structure allows it to mimic serotonin, fitting into some types of serotonin receptors and producing the same effect as endogenous serotonin (Merriam Webster 2003). Specifically, psilocin activates the 5HT2A and 5HT1A receptors. Stimulation of 5HT1 receptors is associated with an inhibitory response while stimulation of the 5HT2 receptors is associated with an excitatory response. Soma of the serotonergic neurons are located in the midline raphe nuclei of the pons and in the medulla oblongata. Axons extend to the basal ganglia, hypothalamus, limbic forebrain, parts of the cerebral cortex, and to the spinal cord (Kruk and Pycock 1979). Functions believed to be moderated by serotonin include sleep, mood, arousal, control of motor activity, hunger, thermoregulation, and some neuroendocrine control mechanisms in the hypothalamus. (Powell 2004, Kruk and Pycock 1979). One theory states that effects caused by psilocin result from stimulation of receptors in the raphe nuclei. According to this theory, the... ...ocal Net Common Molecule. (2003) Reciprocal Net Site Network. http://www.reciprocalnet.org/recipnet/showsample.jsp?sampleId=27 344568 Rabin, Richard A., Regina, Meridith, and Doat, Mirielle J.C. 5- HT2A Receptor-stimulated Phosphoinositide Hydrolysis in the Stimulus Effects of Hallucinogens. (2001) Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior. Volume 72, 2002. (pp 29-37) Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Vollenweider, Franz X, M.D., Vontobel, Peter, PhD., Hell, Daniel, M.D., and Leenders, Klaus, M.D. (1998) 5HT Modulation of Dopamine Release in Basal Ganglia in Psilocybin Induced Psychosis in Man: A PET Study with [11C]raclopride. Neuropsychopharmacology 1999, Volume 20, Number 5. (pp 424-431) New York, New York: Elsevier Science Inc.

Effects of Commercialization Essay

Effects of Commercialization Commercialization is often confused with sales, marketing, or business development. â€Å"The rise of commercialization is an artifact of the growth of corporate power† (Gray Ruskin and Juliet Schor 487). Ruskin and Schor states that â€Å"corporations fostered the anti-tax movement and support for corporate welfare, which helped create funding crises in state and local governments and schools, and made them more willing to carry commercial adverting (487). Open-source communities have learned over time to integrate commercial interests into their development ranks without capitulating to those commercial interests. â€Å"Economists often assume that markets are inert, they do not affect the goods being exchange (Michael J. Sandel 492). Commercialization process has three key aspects: The Funnel it is essential to look at many ideas to get one or two products or businesses that can be sustained long-term, stage-wise process, and each stage has it s own key goals and milestones, and vital to involve key stakeholders early, including customers. There are so many outlooks of commercialization. The effects of commercialization are black Friday, attack on family values, and environment. The rise of commercialization is an artifact of the growth of corporate power† (Ruskin and Schor 487). Black Friday is one of the biggest shopping days of the year. Black Friday is the following Thanksgiving Day in the United States. Black Friday is not a holiday. Black Friday has become popular. Better than last minute Christmas sales. Retailers put their items on sale on Thanksgiving Morning. We realize the importance of Black Friday to retailers. It’s the day that the yearly sales finally move from the red deficit column into black profit. But its impetus, the blood sport of bargaining hunting, overshadows the meaning and the reason for Thanksgiving. Instead of giving thanks for what we have, too many salivate over what can be acquired. â€Å"Economics was becoming an imperial domain. Today, the logical of buying and selling no longer applies to material goods alone† (Michael J. Sandel 494). The family is the most  fundamental of society’s institutions, for it is within the family setting that lifetime behaviors and beliefs are established and values nurtured best in children including adolescent behavior. â€Å"The mother of the household says having less means her family appreciates p ossessions more† (Anna Quindlen 502). One key form of capitalist attack on the family lies in a process called commodification, in which capital seeks to undermine the natural forms of human interaction in all spheres of life and exchange them with commercial relations. In particular, capital strives to turn loving family relations. Healthy families are a challenge to capitalism. Family values and family ties are important institutions which, among others, affect numerous economic decisions. An historical perspective reveals that the conflict over the family may only be beginning and that we may be on the verge of a wider confrontation that will decide not only the survival of the family but fundamental questions about the scope and nature of the modern state. Political attacks on our families involve so many issues, there are many ways you can begin to talk to your child about them. â€Å"We did not arrive at this condition through any deliberate choice. It is almost as if it came upon us† (492). There is a massive environmental impact just in the sheer activity level of the community. The commercialization environment, the microeconomic and strategic conditions facing a firm that is translating an idea to a product, determines the most effective commercialization strategy, the process for bringing innov ation to the marketplace. â€Å"As corporations consolidate their control over governments and culture, we don’t expect an outright reversal of commercialization in the near future† (491). The crucial element of a firm’s commercialization strategy is whether it competes or cooperates with established firms. Commercialization strategy is thus one of the most crucial decisions a firm makes in terms of its ability to profit from technologies developed within the firm. Effective commercialization strategy results from careful analysis of the commercialization environment. Considering the benefits and costs of other strategies for securing profits and competitive advantage through innovation. â€Å"We live in a time when almost everything can be bought and sold (492). In conclusion, commercialization is often tangled with sales, marketing, or business development. Black Friday is one of the largest shopping days of the year. Black Friday is the following Thanksgiving Day in  the United States. The family is the most fundamental of society’s institutions, for it is within the family setting that lifetime behaviors and beliefs. There is a considerable environ mental impact just in the complete activity level of the community. Many technologies begin in the laboratory and are not practical for commercial use in their infancy. Works Cited Quindlen, Anna. â€Å"Stuff is Not Salvation.† Perspective on Contemporary Issues: Reading Across the Disciplines. Rd. Katherine Anne Ackley 7th ed. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. 2015 502-04. Print. Ruskin, Gray, and Schor, Juliet. Every Nook and Cranny: â€Å"The Dangerous Spread of Commercialized Culture.† Perspective on Contemporary Issues: Reading Across the Disciplines. Rd. Katherine Anne Ackley 7th ed. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. 2015 487-91. Print. Sandel, Michael. â€Å"What Isn’t for Sale?† Perspective on Contemporary Issues: Reading Across the Disciplines. Rd. Katherine Anne Ackley 7th ed. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. 2015 492-97. Print.

Product Management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 315 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/09/16 Category Management Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Marketing Strategy Essay Did you like this example? Subject:  MM- 304C PRODUCT MANAGEMENT Course Objectives: The objective of this course is to acquire the conceptual understanding of Product Policy Management and its applications for corporate growth and development. Examination Scheme: The faculty member will award internal marks out of 40 based on three assessments of 20 marks each of which best two will be considered. The end semester examination will be worth 60 marks having theory and  cases/practical problems. Course Content: 1. Introduction to Product Policy Management:  Why Product Management, Relationship between Competition, Marketing and Product Management, Types of Product, Product classification, Product Management Process. 2. Product Manager:  Functions of Product Manager, Role and Responsibilities of Product Manager, Qualities required for successful Product Manager. 3. Product Life Cycle:  Concept of PLC, Operationalizing the aspects of PLC concept, PLC as forecasting model, PLC as guideline for M arketing Strategy, Extension of PLC. 4. Product Planning and Strategies:  Proposed Product Planning Model-Setting Objectives, Monitoring the Environment, Situation Analysis; Development of a Product/Market Program, Product Mix Strategy. 5. Product Design and New Product Development:  Characteristics of Successful Product Development, New Product Development Process and Organizations. 6. Test Marketing Product Launch and Commercialization:  Test Marketing Objectives, Limitations of Test Marketing, Design Consideration in Test Marketing, Alternatives to test Marketing Procedures, Product Launch, Tracking, Relaunch. . Future Trends and Product Management:  Obstacles to success of Product Management, Copying Strategies, Direction of Future Research. Text Readings: 1. Wind Yoram J. ,  Product Policy: Concepts, Methods and Strategies, Massachusetts, Addison-Wesley Pub. Co. , Reading USA. 2. Baker Michael and Hart Susan,  Product Strategy and Management, London, Prentice Hal l. 3. Ramanuj Majumdar,  Product Management in India, New Delhi, Prentice Hall, India. . Lehman, D. R. and Winer, R. S. ,  Product Management. Suggested Reading: 1. Ward John,  Profitable Product Management, London, William Heinemann Ltd. 2. Urban L. Glan, Hauser R. John, and Dholkia Nilkesh,  Essentials of New Product Management  New Jersey, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliff. 3. Ulrich Karl T. , Eppinger Steven D. ,  Product Design and Development, Boston, Irwin McGraw Hill. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Product Management" essay for you Create order