The Fault in Our Stars Reflective Response

The Fault in our Stars Reflective Response People have a wide scope of methods of reasoning and convictions on how they should live their lives. The foreseen approach wherein they ought to go up against their feelings of trepidation, their difficulties, and their day by day choices shifts enormously from the genuine results. Numerous individuals are ideally to turn into the possibility of significance they imagine and Gus being an impractically arranged individual fixated on turning out to be Hazel’s knight in sparkling reinforcement. Learning of his approaching passing put him in a similar situation as Hazel.He could now comprehend the mental impacts of living on the genuine edge, not recognizing what the following day will bring for yourself or everyone around you. In his letter, Gus takes on a tone of difference because of his acknowledgment of human irregularities. He comprehends the clashing thoughts of human feeling and the honest fierceness of the real world. Being part between his own expectations of leaving an imprint and his acknowledgment that â€Å"like specialists state: First, do no harm† (312) Gus acknowledges the results with reservation.Due to the relationship and enthusiastic connection among Gus and Hazel, Hazel’s convictions make a slight predisposition that has extraordinary impact on giving of living on the edge he currently considers the to be as Hazel perspectives it. Gus presently is part between his own thoughts of sentimentalism, which is clear when he keeps on raising genuine courage, yet his circumstance guides him towards the genuine investigative comprehension of the world. In a last endeavor to do what is important Gus’ genuine nature of sentimentalism rises. In spite of the fact that his brain is persuaded to acknowledge that the less the sprinkle the better he obviously needs to establish that connection profound down.For Hazel he endeavors to proceed with her vision of him being her knight in sparkl ing shield by indicating her much after death he is there to cherish her. Gus is the genuine case of inward clash in a male’s mind. The objectivity and enthusiastic associations with values become caught and confounded. As all people in a time of emergency they start to comprehend the genuine idea of their characters, however become expelled from the joyful numbness of the world so as to reduce their harming effect.The hesitation and disarray that Gus has at the hour of composing his letter is a widespread reaction to uncertainty and sadness. Much of the time of somberness I myself have been conflicted between settling on the instinctual defensive choice or the moral reaction in which others are saved of weakness. It is hazy what the correct strategy is so as to profit both yourself as well as other people, yet as far as character I feel that I contrast intimately with what Gus attempts to be.I realize that he needs to be a decent individual that works to help others, and yet his own expectations impact his activities so he can be viewed as a saint. In the wake of figuring out his contemplations Gus at last concludes that having any kind of effect is Hazel’s life is the most significant thing that he can do in his constrained time. By receiving and living her thoughts he furnishes her a feeling of solidarity with him considerably after he is no more. Gus’ letter uncovers something other than about his own internalizations.His considerations give optional help to Hazel’s and keep up importance to the peruser in light of its comprehensiveness. As far as the novel Gus’ letter furnishes the peruser with an appropriate inquiry to consider. Numerous individuals wonder if they’re having any kind of effect on the planet, however barely any individuals comprehend making a distinction, yet observing things in a generally unaltered view permits the peruser to interface with the thoughts, feelings, and musings Green was endeavorin g to communicate.Gus’ letter likewise shows the two-sidedness of the world. As Gus says â€Å"a desert favoring, a sea curse† (313) viewpoint changes the effect of everything. Indeed, even the couple of things known to man that stay steady are not generally reliable. At long last Gus becomes to courageous sentimental saint that he fantasies about turning out to be despite the fact that he wanted for things to have happened diversely for his own motivations. Gus settles on his decisions at he says toward the finish of the letter and he like every one of the individuals who look for bliss can achieve it.

Frequently Asked Questions About Sexual Assault and Abuse

As often as possible Asked Questions About Sexual Assault and Abuse Shielding your youngster from rape or helping your kid in the event that they have been explicitly manhandled can be horrendous and confounding. Numerous individuals share similar inquiries and concerns. Here are remarks, much of the time posed inquiry, and input about the subject of kid misuse and rape. 11 Common Frequently Asked Questions About Sexual Assault I fear frightening my kids by conversing with them about sexual maltreatment, yet I am additionally apprehensive not to converse with them about it. What would it be a good idea for me to do? Answer: There are numerous things that we show our youngsters to be cautious or about how to respond to various unnerving circumstances. For instance, how to go across the road (looking the two different ways) and what to do on account of a fire (drop and roll). Include the subject of sexual maltreatment to the next security tips that you provide for your youngsters and recall, the subject is regularly more terrifying to guardians than to their kids. I don't have the foggiest idea how to tell in the event that somebody is a sex guilty party. Dislike they wear a sign around their neck. Is there a definite method to distinguish them? Answer: There is no real way to tell who is a sex guilty party, except for wrongdoers recorded on sex wrongdoer vaults on the web. And still, after all that, the odds that would perceive the wrongdoers in an open spot is flawed. That is the reason it is essential to heed your gut feelings, keep an open discourse with your kids, remain mindful of your environmental factors and the individuals associated with your kids, and follow general wellbeing rules. Individuals may dishonestly blame somebody for being a sex guilty party or of being explicitly abused. How do you know without a doubt what or who to accept? Answer: According to inquire about, the wrongdoing of rape is no more erroneously revealed than different violations. Truth be told, casualties of rape, particularly kids, will frequently conceal that they have been misled on account of self-fault, blame, disgrace or dread. On the off chance that somebody (a grown-up or youngster) discloses to you that they have been explicitly mishandled or recognizes the individual that explicitly manhandled them, it is ideal to trust them and offer your full help. Abstain from grilling them and permit themâ to choose the subtleties that they are open to offering to you. Help manage them to the best possible channels for discovering help. How does a parent potentially handle realizing that their youngster was explicitly attacked? I am frightful that I would self-destruct. Answer: A typical dread with youngsters who have been misled, is the manner by which their folks will respond when they discover what has occurred. Youngsters need to fulfill their folks, not irritated them. They may feel embarrassed and dread that it will some way or another modify how a parent feels about them or identifies with them. That is the reason it is central that in the event that you know or suspect that your kid has been explicitly attacked that you stay in charge, cause them to feel safe, support them and show them your adoration. You should be solid and recall that the injury that your youngster has suffered is the issue. Diverting the concentrate away from them to you, by showing wild feelings, isn't be useful. Discover a help group and directing to assist you with managing your feelings so you can stay solid for your kid. In what capacity can youngsters ever recoup from such an encounter? Answer: Children are versatile. It has been demonstrated that kids who can discuss their involvement in somebody that they trust, frequently mends more rapidly than those that keep it inside or who are not accepted. Offering full parental help and giving the kid proficient consideration can support the kid and family to recuperate. Is it genuine that a few kids enthusiastically take an interest in sexual exercises and are incompletely to fault for what was the deal? Answer: Children can't legitimately agree to sexual movement, regardless of whether they state that it was consensual. It is essential to recall thatâ sexual abusers utilize freak approaches to oversee their casualties. They are profoundly manipulative, and it is regular for them to cause casualties to feel that they are to be faulted for the ambush. On the off chance that the youngster feels that they by one way or another caused the rape, they will be less inclined to educate their folks concerning it. When managing a kid that has been explicitly ambushed, it is critical to promise them that nothing that was done to them by a grown-up was their issue, regardless of what the abuser did or said to cause them to feel in any case. There is such a great amount about sex guilty parties on the news. By what means can guardians abstain from being overprotective with their youngsters? Answer: It is significant that youngsters figure out how to respond to the potential risks that they might be stood up to with throughout everyday life. By being overprotective or showing nonsensical dread, kids will in general become defenseless. It is increasingly profitable to show kids good judgment, furnish them with the data that can support them, and prop an open and welcoming discourse up so they have a sense of security to discuss their issues. I am dreadful that I won't realize that my kid has been a casualty. In what manner can a parent tell? Answer:â Unfortunately, a few youngsters never tell that they have been survivors of sexual maltreatment. In any case, the more educated guardians are about what to search for, the better the chances are that they will perceive that something has happened to their youngster. Figure out how to save close tabs on your senses and search for any adjustment in your childs conduct that is unsettling. Try not to excuse musings that something may be wrong.â Is the court procedure horrendously awful for kid casualties? Is it accurate to say that they are compelled to remember the maltreatment? Answer:  Children who experience the court procedure regularly feel that they had recaptured the control that was lost when they were explicitly ambushed. The court procedure can turn out to be a piece of the mending procedure. In numerous states, there are expertly prepared staff and youngster agreeable spots intended to help kid casualties through the meeting procedure. In the event that my kid is a survivor of sexual maltreatment, does conversing with them about it a while later exacerbate it? Answer:  A youngster ought not feel that they are being compelled to discuss being explicitly ambushed. Be cautious that you are opening the entryway for them to talk, however not driving them through the entryway. Most youngsters will open up when they are prepared. It will assist them with getting to that point by realizing that when that opportunity arrives, you will be there for them. What would it be advisable for me to do on the off chance that I speculate somebody is explicitly manhandling my kid or kid in the area? Answer:  It is ideal to contact the specialists and let them explore. On the off chance that you presume the maltreatment in light of something your kid or another youngster let you know, your essential job is to accept the kid and give them your help.

Apple Inc. End of Semester Project - Free Essay Example

Apple Inc. is a publicly traded organization. It was founded in 1976 by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak who had a vision of creating personal computers that every individual could own. According to Angelique Richardson who published her article on the business references services website, Simply put, they wanted a computer that was user-friendly (Richardson 2008). The company has since grown to become a technological giant throughout the world. The IPhone is now a family name and staple for millions of individuals. It has shaped and changed the way that people communicate, conduct business, and lead their lives. While Apple began as a manufacturer of personal computers, they have branched out into almost every technological field with their devices and operating systems. Apple manufactures and markets in addition to computers, cellular phones, music devices, watches, and tablets. Apple strategy Goals for Apple Inc. include, increasing revenue from existing products by branching out into different markets, such as the business industry. Produce new and innovative products regularly that will make life easier for consumers. Eliminate obstacles to expansion and growth such as cellular carriers. Keys to success Offer the most up to date technology Give consumers an opportunity to share their needs, then meet them Create quality devices Stand behind our products Provide excellent customer service Continue to expand the Apple ecosystem to accommodate every technological need Competitors The cellular and mobile device industry is about as competitive as they come. Samsung remains Apples biggest competitor. They are neck and neck with Apple and consumers with smartphones are either an Apple person for life or an Android person for life. The ultimate goal is to gain the consumers who use Android devices and operating systems. According to Global Data, Apple has a leading market presence across all geographic regions it serves. Apple is the largest Smartphone vendor in the world followed by Samsung Electronics (Samsung). During January -March 2015, the net profit of Apple increased by 33% while Samsungs net profit decreased by 39% as consumers switched to bigger iPhones (Apple Inc. Financial and Strategic Analysis Review n.d.). Android does offer much more functionality on their devices than does Apple. With the Apple operating system, much is controlled by Apple and cannot be modified to meet the consumers need. Although, Apple has given a few more freedoms in recent days including ability to remove applications that users find unnecessary. It seems that Apple has heard the requests of consumers and made adjustments over the years but it does not come close to the options from Android operating system. There is a drawback for all of that freedom with Android however. It makes consumers more vulnerable to hacking. The Apple operating system is controlled by Apple and apps are monitored for safety. Production and manufacturing The devices produced and manufactured by Apple usually come from China. That is where they are assembled, but the raw materials come from all over the world and organizations such as Corning: Gorilla Glass screen overlay; based in the U.S., with locations in Australia, Belgium, Brazil, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Philippines, Poland, Russia, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Taiwan, The Netherlands, Turkey, the U.K., and the United Arab Emirates (Costello n.d.). Also, LG: LCD screen; based in South Korea, with locations in Poland and China and Samsung: A-series processor; based in South Korea, with locations in the U.S (Costello n.d.). While all of these companies in all of these countries are necessary for the raw materials, the final assembly and finished products come from China. Distribution and retail channels Apple Inc. has big plans to continue to lead the market in mobile technology. The current mission statement is as follows, Apple designs Macs, the best personal computers in the world, along with OS X, iLife, iWork and professional software. Apple leads the digital music revolution with its iPods and iTunes online store. Apple has reinvented the mobile phone with its revolutionary iPhone and App Store, and is defining the future of mobile media and computing devices with iPad (Blodget 2013). This may not list many of the goals for Apples future, but they do look toward the future and their continued mobile media and computing devices. Additionally, Apples CEO Tim Cook shared some of his thoughts about the mission and vision for Apple. As quoted in Fortune, We believe that we are on the face of the earth to make great products and thats not changing. We are constantly focusing on innovating. We believe in the simple not the complex. We believe that we need to own and control the primary technologies behind the products that we make, and participate only in markets where we can make a significant contribution. We believe in saying no to thousands of projects, so that we can really focus on the few that are truly important and meaningful to us. We believe in deep collaboration and cross-pollination of our groups, which allow us to innovate in a way that others cannot. And frankly, we dont settle for anything less than excellence in every group in the company, and we have the self-honesty to admit when were wrong and the courage to change. And I think regardless of who is in what job those values are so embedded in th is company that Apple will do extremely well (Lashinsky 2009). Goals for Apple Inc. include, increasing revenue from existing products by branching out into different markets, such as the business industry. Produce new and innovative products regularly that will make life easier for consumers. Eliminate obstacles to expansion and growth such as cellular carriers. Apple specializes in new and innovative technology. In building a platform on which to run their mobile devices, the operating system, they have created a way to keep all of their products under their umbrella. For example, if you buy a TV from Sony, you would not need to use the Sony Cable Company and Sony internet system to run your TV. With Apple products, you certainly do need those background programs and systems in order to keep your device running. So Apple has created a customer base that they will keep permanently if the consumer is to use their product. Just having the customer base is one thing, but Apple needs to keep its customer base. In order to do that, they need to be constantly changing, upgrading, and improving the technology. So far, they have been able to accommodate that need. Apple is the leader in cellular and mobile technology. According to an in International Business Times, The company pulled in $18 billion in earnings, grabbing a hold of 93 percent of the handset industrys total measurable profits, according to a report from New York City-based investment firm Canaccord Genuity (Elise 2015). In the tradition of Apple, they launch a new phone or device approximately every two years. In between they will offer variations of products that improve it based on consumer satisfaction. The most recent device to launch is the Apple watch. It has been slow to get off of the ground and production took longer than expected, but it does look like something that consumers are going to buy. The Apple watch offers customers the a bility to view and respond to text message; they can make calls, check their email, in addition to many other great features. It also serves as an activity tracker, allowing customers to view their heart rate, steps taken, and monitor their sleep habits. Additionally, new to Apple customers is the Apple Pay system. This is offered to customers with an iPhone 6 or higher and allows customers to make purchases through Apples secure framework. Apple is working with merchants to get the services up and running but it will potentially eliminate the ability for credit card information to be stolen thanks to Apple unique codes for each transaction (Laudon Traver pg. 314). The merchant does not view the customers credit card information at any point during the transaction. No other mobile technology company can offer their consumers a comprehensive ecosystem of products that go from the point of sale to your bed at night. Apple markets their products and focuses marketing strategies on a broad number of consumers. They do not market strictly to the phone companies or businesses but to the consumers directly. They have found that people who are 35-49 years of age are more likely to own an iPhone (Keizer 2012). Additionally, while the younger consumers were the target market for the iPod, its popularity is waning since the iPhone can be a phone and an iPod all in one. It seems also, that the older generation, especially those with children would be the best market to target. In his article, Apples biggest fans are older consumers, Greg Keizer reports, According to the companys BrandIndex, since mid-July 2011, Apples biggest supporters are consumers 35 years and older. Meanwhile, the younger age group of 18 to 34 once the demographic most smitten with Apple has trended downward since then (Keizer 2012). Consumers between the ages of 35-50 are the primary market. They are the ones who are more likely to be stable and have the income needed to afford the devices as well as the cellular data to use them. The secondary market are the 19-25 year olds who will likely purchase new devices less regularly but still maintain their brand loyalty. Of course, within those target markets there are other specific details about these customers. They must be able to afford the extremely high price of the devices. Apple has never chosen to lower prices even if it would create a larger customer base. This is a good business decision and a potentially bad business decisio n. They reduce the risk of inconsistent customers, those who cancel without reason and could end up costing the cellular provider more money. This would likely come back on Apple with lower sales and a potentially difficult working relationship with cellular providers. Recently, cellular providers have chosen to end the subsidy programs. They no longer offer customers free or greatly reduced phones in exchange for a new two year contract. This will potentially hurt Apple since a lot of people could only afford to upgrade or buy Apple thanks to the reduced price. Apple has always competed with Android. They offer very similar functionality with their devices and operating systems and have been neck and neck popularity wise for years. Apple offers some things that Android does not. Apple has the Apple ecosystem that keeps information secure and gives customers devices that work harmoniously. Apple is heavily dependent on cellular providers such as ATT and Verizon. They need these providers to give their customers the ability to use the devices. Without cellular calling capabilities and cellular data, Apple iPhones would have no use. Therefore, in order to get a better grip on supply chain and offer their customers an even more comprehensive ecosystem, a goal is to establish their own system for offering cellular services to customers. There are many ways that they can accomplish this goal. They can deal with the primary cellular providers and come to an agreement for tower usage, come up with a plan to use satellite technology, purchase an already large cellular provider such as ATT, or build their own network. The last option would take the longest and potentially cost the most money. With the already excellent customer service, reliable technology, and customer base, Apple could grow and spread out into every part of the internet and cellular world. Since Apple is such a giant in the technology world, and is so lucrative, they should acquire ATT When moving into the wireless cellular industry, Apple will need to have an online presence, as well as brick and mortar locations for customer assistance. They could easily transform their existing locations to include the wireless operations. More stores would need to be erected and customer service call centers opened. As stated above, the goals for Apple Inc. include, increasing revenue from existing products by branching out into different markets, such as the business industry. Produce new and innovative products regularly that will make life easier for consumers. Eliminate obstacles to expansion and growth such as cellular carriers. In order to accomplish these goals, Apple must continue to support innovation from their IT professionals, offer incentives for new ideas for their employees, and foster a customer is always right attitude. Amazon.com has had great success with consumer loyalty and satisfaction with their excellent customer service practices. First, Apple should make improvements within the organization. Cut unnecessary costs, eliminate positions that are unneeded or duplicated, and encourage employees to do their best every day. Next, Apple will need to survey consumer needs and wants. This can be completed with online surveys, reviewing suggestions on social media outlets, and ask ing employees what they think would make the technology better. Once they have a comprehensive idea of what consumers want, they will need to plan how to build, design, and implement those changes. Additionally, the goal of Apple offering internal cellular services will require additional time. A reasonable timeframe would be 10-15 years for a complete and global cellular network. References Apple Inc. (n.d.). Business Insights Global. Retrievedfrom https://bi.galegroup.com.centralpenn. idm.oclc.org/global/company/300559?u=centpenn_itc1 Apple Inc. Financial and Strategic Analysis Review. (n.d.) Global Data. Retrieved from https://callisto.ggsrv.com/imgsrv/FastFetch/UBER1/300559_GDTC27353FSA Blodget, H. (August 2013). Apples Mission Statement Is Making People Worry That The Company Has Gone To Hell. Business Insider. Retrieved from https://www.businessinsider.com/apples-new-mission-statement-2013-8 Costello, S. (n.d.) Where Are iPods iPhones Made? About Tech. Retrieved from https://ipod.about.com/od/glossary/f/where-is-ipod-manufactured.htm Elise, A. (February 2015). Apple Dominates Smartphone Industry With 93 Percent Of The Profits. International Business Times. Retrieved from https://www.ibtimes.com/apple-dominates-smartphone-industry-93-percent-profits-1811324 Keizer, G. (August 2012). Apples biggest fans are older consumers. Computer World. Retrieved from https://www.computerworld.com/article/2505764/apple-mac/apple-s-biggest-fans-are-older-consumers.html Lashinsky, A. (Jan 2009). The Cook Doctrine at Apple. Fortune. Retrieved from https://fortune.com/2009/01/22/the-cook-doctrine-at-apple/ Laudon, K., Traver, C. (2015). E-commerce: Business, technology, society (Eleventh ed.). Boston: Pearson Education. Moren, D. (May 2015). Could Apple become its own cellular carrier? Macworld. Retrieved from https://www.macworld.com/article/2919139/could-apple-become-its-own-cellular-carrier.html Robinson, A. (August 2015). Apple Inc. Company Background and History. Unpublished Assignment. Central Penn College

History of computer mouse - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 26 Words: 7759 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? History of computer mouse Dr. Douglas Engelbart has invented the first device that came out as mouse in the year1964.During this time the only way of moving the cursor around on a computer screen was using the arrow keys on the keyboard and it was really inefficient and awkward to use. A small brick like mechanism with one button on top and two wheels on the underside was made by Douglas. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "History of computer mouse" essay for you Create order The purpose of these wheels is to detect horizontal and vertical movement and on the whole the unit was little bit difficult to use. For viewing the cursor on the monitor this unit was linked to the computer by a cable so the motion signals could be electrically transmitted .As the device with its long cable tail looked like a mouse so the name mouse came into picture.NASA team tried different methods of moving cursors and pointing to objects on the computer screen like the devices steering wheels, knee switches, and light pens, but in tests of these devices Engel arts mouse gained popularity. Engineers thought that the mouse was perfect for drawing and drafting purposes and could develop computer aided designs at their own desks. Slowly mouse began to be called as input/output device. To make the scrolling easier the mouse began to multiply rapidly and to make the mouse cordless by using the radio frequency signals. Mouse tail is the electrical cable leading out of one end and the o ther end is used for connecting to the central processing unit. Composition of the Mouse Body of the mouse: * The outer surface of the mouse is Hard plastic body which the user guides across a flat surface * The tail of a mouse is an electrical cable that leads out from one end and finishes at the connection at the Central Processing Unit * It has one to three buttons at the tail end which are external contacts to tiny electrical switches * With a click on the button the electrical circuit is forced to close and the computer receives a command * Below the mouse theres an plastic hatch that fits over a rubberized ball which exposes a small part of the ball * A support wheel and two shafts hold the ball in place inside the Mouse * Rotation of the spokes causes IR light signals from light emitting diode to flick through the spoke which are then captured by a light detector * Phototransistors help to translate these light signals into electrical pulses which reach the integrated circuit interface in the mouse * These pulses then confirms the IC whether the ball has followed an up down or left right movement * The IC commands the cursor to move on the screen accordingly * The interface IC is then ascended onto a printed circuit board * This forms the skeleton to which each and every internal workings of the mouse are attached * The information from the switches and signals from the phototransistors is collected by a computer chip or IC * These are then sent to the computer by means of a data stream The Brain of the Mouse: * Every mouse design consists of an individual software known as driver * These driver are external brain that enables the computer to understand the mouse signals * The driver tells the computer how to interpret the mouses IC data stream including speed, direction, and clicked commands * Some mouse drivers allow the user to assign specific actions to the buttons and to adjust the mouses resolution (the relative distances the mouse and the cursor travel). * The Mouse which are purchased as a part of computer packages have built in drivers or is programmed initially in the computers (Source: Fig 1 Internal circuit of the mouse https://www.ehow.com/how-does_4574328_computer-mouse-work.html RAW MATERIALS IN THE MOUSE The outer shell of the mouse and the majority of its internal parts, which includes spoked wheels and shafts are usually made up of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) plastic which is usually injection moulded. The ball is basically made of metal which is rubber coated and is usually supplied by a speciality supplier The electrical micro switches which is produced from metal and plastic are of shelf items which are supplied by subcontractors even though the designers of the mouse can specify force requirements for switches to make it easier of harder to click. The chips or IC could be standard items even though individual manufacturer might have proprietary chips which can be utilised in its complete products line. The outside source also supplies electrical cables and over moulds To suit the design of mouse the printed circuit board (PCB) over which the mechanical and electrical components are mounted are custom made Oscillators, integrated circuits, capacitors, electrical resistors and various other components are made of different types of plastic, metal and silicon The raw materials which are used in manufacturing of a computer mouse are as follows: Component name Material mouse ball Low alloy steel Housing Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) insulation wire Polyvinylchloride (tpPVC) rubber material Polyurethane (tpPUR) USB inside part Stainless steel plastic part inside USB Phenolics USB jack(casing) Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) internal wires Copper Mouse Design The new mouse starts with associations with product development manager, marketing representative, designer and a consulting ergonomist. A list of human factors guidelines are formed which indicate the size range of hands, amount of work, touch sensitivity, support of hand in a neutral position, while operating the mouse the users posture, finger extension needed to reach the buttons, use by both right and left handed individuals, no prolonged static electricity and lastly the requirements safety and comfort They alter widely depending on whether the use of mouse is in home or office computers The brief design of mouse for the proposed mouse is written to explain the purpose of the product and what it attains; an appearance is also proposed in staying along with the probable market. The design team comes back to the table along with foam models; for a single mouse design scores of various shapes are made on these models the user testing is done whereas the preliminary tests are perf ormed by engineers or the focus may be turned onto groups as typical users or observes one to one testing with user samples. (Source: Fig 2 Design of the mouse https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/m/mouse.htm ) When a suitable selection is chosen, wooden models which are more refined and painted are produced from the winning design. Based on the feel, shape and looks of the model input is gathered again and the ergonomist reviews the probable designs and confirms the goal of human factors guidelines to be achieved. After an optimal design is chosen the engineering team starts designing the internal components. A three dimensional rendering is generated by the computer and the same data are used to machine cut the shape of the interiors of the exterior shell with every details. Inside the structure the mechanical and electronic engineers fit the printed circuit board and the encoder mechanism. The phenomena of fitting the workings on to the shell is iterative, the changes are then made and then the design and fit process are repeated until the mouse achieves the design objectives and the design team is happy. The custom chips are then designed and produced on a trial basis and then tested; for the design to meet the performance objectives and provide it unique, competitive and marketable characteristics the help of custom electronics is required. The fully completed design figures are handed over to the project tooled who then starts the process of modifying machines to manufacture the mouse. To generate the injection moulding of the shell tooling diagrams are made into use. The size, shape, volume of the cavity, the number of gates through which the plastic will be injected into the mould, and the flow of the plastic through the mold are all diagrammed and studied. After reviewing the final tooling plans the tools are cut using computer generated data. Sample plastic shells are made as try shots to find out the actual flow lines and to make sure that voids are not included. Changes are made till the process is perfect. Texture is added to the external appearance of the shell by sand blasting or by acid etching. The Manufacturing Process: To manufacture a computer mouse several processes are used to make different pieces of the unit. The processes that are used in manufacturing are as follows 1. First the Printed Circuit board (PCB) is prepared in the journey of manufacturing and assembling steps. This board is a flat, resin coated sheet that can be of surface-mount design or through hole design. The assembly of surface mount version is entirely done by the machine. The other electrical components are placed on to the board in prescribed pattern by a computer controlled automatic sequencer. In the PCB assembly, the attachment wires of the electronic components are inserted in holes. Then all the components are mounted on the board, the bottom surface is passed through molten lead solder in a soldering machine. This machine removes contaminants by passing the board with flux. The board is gently heated by the machine and the components it carries by infrared heat is to lessen the possibility of thermal shock. The solder raises each line by hair-like activity, seals the perforations and repairs the components in the correct place. . After this process is done the PCB is cooled and is visually inspected before the mechanism is attached. 2.A separate unit is assembled for the encoder mechanism. Injection moulding process is make used to manufacture the plastic parts (computer mouse case housing) with proper specifications and the left over scrap plastic material is trimmed off. The whole unit is fastened to the PC Board using screws keeping in view after the encoder mechanism is completely assembled. Using a set of wires ,shielding and rubber cover the mouses tail and its electrical cable attached are manufactured. Overmolds are the additional pieces of the cable to prevent the cable from detaching from the mouse. We can make our own shapes of design for overmolds, the near mouse overmold is hooked to the housing at the opposite end of the tail, the connector is soldered to the wires and the connector overmold is pop pled into place. 2. The pieces of the outer shell are visually inspected after moulding, trimming, and surface (finish) treatment and prior to assembly. The external housing is assembled in four steps. To the bottom of the shell the completed PCB and encoder assembly are inserted. The buttons are fitted into the top part of the housing, attaching the cable and the top and bottom are screwed together using automated screwdrivers. 3. The final electronics and the achievement quality inspection are accomplished, if assembly is complete in the substantial one. Rubber or neoprene feet with the adhesive covering in front-turned at a side is added the lower surface of the mouse. 4. A programming team has been developing,testing,reproducing the mouse driver firm ware, while the the tooling designs and physical assembly are in progress. As above said firmware is the combination of software and hardware codes which has the unity of integrated circuit,translated mouse directional movements and micro switch signals which are understood when the mouse is attached. By-products and waste: Computer mice makers do not generate by-products from mouse manufacture, but most offer a range of similar devices for different applications. In order to avoid the design, tooling, assembly modification costs the new and multiple designs are in corporate when possible. Waste is minimal. The mouses ABS plastic skin is highly recyclable and can be ground, moulded, and reground many times. Small quantities can be recycled using metal scrap and other plastics. ECO AUDIT TOOL INTRODUCTION: Eco audit tool enables the product designers to quickly evaluate the environmental impact of a product, and it helps to reduce the environmental measures. By making use of CES software, this can be achieved by focussing on two environmental stressors * ENERGY USAGE * CARBON FOOTPRINT considering the main product life phases of a product Overview of component lifecycle (Source: https://www.treehugger.com/RONA-product-life-cycle-graphic.JPG ) Example output from the eco audit tool (Source: https://www.grantadesign.com/images/selector09/EcoAuditGraph.jpg ) To minimize the environmental footprint of a product, identification of the dominant phase is very important and it enables a designer to establish which aspect of the design to target The result of the eco audit forms the objective for the product design. This objective is dependent on both the dominant phase and the product application. Figure Examples of design objectives associated with minimizing the environmental impact of the main life (Source: https://www.grantadesign.com/images/audit-strategies.jpg ) Life Cycle Analysis: The Life cycle analysis of the product life cycle is split into three main sections in the eco audit tool: 1. Material, manufacture, and end of life 2. Transport 3. Use 1. Material, manufacture, and end of life This the first section of the product definition which allows us to enter the Bill of Materials'(BOM) for the product, with each line representing an individual component. There is no limit on the number of components that can be added. Reading across the input dialog box, the entries are as follows Quantity This column tells us about the different number of individual components that are used in making of the product. This quantity column enables the specification of duplicate components in a hierarchal order. . The default value is one because there is no product with zero quantity. Component name It is the dialogue box for entering the name of each individual component of the product. Material The material drop-down menu displays the full Material Universe tree of the active database. Materials are selected by browsing the tree and clicking on the record for the material of our interest. Once we have done this, the eco audit tool extracts data from the material record to determine what options to display in the Primary process and End of life menus. Certain products include components that do not contribute to all life phases. For example, the water in a drinks bottle contributes to the transportation phase but not the material and manufacturing phases. This contribution is handled by creating a dummy component with no material, or process, assigned to it. Recycle content We have three recycle contents which can be specified as 0%, 100%, and typical %. As the names suggest, 0% represents the use of virgin material, where all the feedstock is produced from raw materials. 100% represents the other intense, where the material is manufactured entirely from feedstock reclaimed from end of life components. Typical %, lies between these two extremes and accounts for the level of recycled material incorporated back into the supply chain as standard practice. This applies to materials, such as metals and glasses, where end of life recycling has become integrated into the supply chain. This practice leads to standard grades containing significant levels of recycled material. For example, lead alloys generally contain 50-60% recycled material. Although many materials can be recycled, and have recycle fraction in current supply values quoted in the Material universe database, they are not routinely reintroduced into the standard supply. As a result, the typical recycle content option is only displayed for grades of metal and glass that are flagged as recyclable. Primary process The primary process dropdown menu displays the processes that are applicable to the material selected from the tree. This information, and associated data, is extracted from the materials datasheet. The available primary processes in the database are shown in the below table. Table 1. Available primary processes (Level 1 and 2 database) Material Process Metals Casting Forging Metal powder forming Vaporization Polymers elastomers Polymer molding Polymer extrusion Technical ceramics Ceramic powder forming Non-technical ceramics Assembly and construction Glasses Glass molding Composites Casting Simple composites forming Advanced composite forming Natural materials Assembly and construction Electrical components As electrical components are finished sub-assemblies, the material and process energies (and CO2) have been incorporated into one value [Embodied energy, primary production]. As a consequence, no processing options are available for these components. Mass (kg) Numeric field for specifying the mass of the component. This value is multiplied by the quantity (Qty) field value to determine the total mass for the component. End of Life This drop-down menu displays all possible end of life options for the selected material. There are seven end of life options and their applicable materials. Out of these seven, the first four are directly displayed on the datasheet depending on the type of material. The remaining life options are not specified and are added as other possible options for all materials. The end of life option generally defaults to Landfill. The main exception is for toxic materials, which default to the next viable option (usually in down cycle order). Table : describes the possible end life options and their Summary related to the materials End of life option Applicable materials Landfill All non-toxic materials Combust (for energy recovery) All organic-based materials with a heat of combustion value 5 MJ/kg Downcycle All Recycle All unfilled: metals / glasses / thermoplastics /TPEs Particulate filled thermoplastics Particulate whisker reinforced metals (All ceramics / thermosets / elastomers / natural organic / natural inorganic materials and all fiber reinforced materials are marked as non-recyclable) Re-engineer All Reuse All blank All 2. Transport Transportation phase is the second part of the product definition. This phase relates to the transport of the finished product from the source of manufacture to the customer Each line in the table relates to one stage of the process journey. There is no limit on the number of stages that can be added. For each stage, three parameters are defined: stage name, transport efficiency (transport type), and distance. The transport efficiency is specified through the transport type dropdown menu, which lists the main methods for transporting goods. Table : transport options and associated environmental burden Transport energy (MJ/tonne/km) Carbon footprint, source (kg/MJ) Sea freight 0.16 0.071 River / canal freight 0.27 0.071 Rail freight 0.31 0.071 32 tonne truck 0.46 0.071 14 tonne truck 0.85 0.071 Light goods vehicle 1.4 0.071 Air freight long haul 8.3 0.067 Air freight short haul 15 0.067 Helicopter Euro copter AS 350 50 0.067 To determine the environmental impact of each stage the energy usage and the carbon foot print values are combined with the product mass and distance. i.e. Energy usage is given by Transport Energy =Transport energy per unit mass * distance * product mass. And carbon foot print by Transport co2=Transport energy per unit mass*Distance*product mass*carbon foot print. 3. Use The final stage of the product definition is the use phase. Product life Numeric field for specifying the product life, in years. The value for the year is considered to be default (1). Country electricity mix The Country electricity mix drop-down menu enables the particular mix of fossil and non-fossil fuel of the country of use to be specified. This is split into three main groups: global regions, individual countries, and fossil fuel percentage. The default option is World. Compared to the other sources, such as nuclear, hydroelectric and wind power, the environmental burden of electricity generated from fossil fuels is significantly higher. So this specification of country of use is very important phase of the eco audit tool. This is due to the relatively low efficiency in converting fossil fuels to electricity (1MJ of electricity requires about 3MJ of fossil fuel). The impact of a countrys energy mix on the energy equivalence and carbon footprint of its electricity supply is summarized in Figure3. Figure 3. Country electricity mix: Energy equivalence carbon footprint per MJ of electricity used (Source: https://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=https://www.additiverich.com ) The final grouping in the country electricity mix menu specifies the electricity mix based on the proportion derived from fossil fuels (0% to 100% at 5% intervals). The environmental impact of these has been calculated using the following assumptions: a) The carbon footprint of electricity is dominated by the contribution from fossil fuels, with the proportion derived from other sources having no, or negligible, contribution. b) And the conversion process for generating electricity from fossil fuels is taken to be 33% efficient. In this use phase we have two modes namely static mode and mobile mode which describes the product energy usage. In static mode the available options are energy input and output which describes the conversion of one form of energy into another, power rating and usage. In the mobile mode, we have fuel and mobility type and its usage. Modes of use The use phase is divided into two modes of operation, static, and mobile. Static relates to products that are (normally) stationary but require energy to function. For example: electrically powered products like electric kettles, refrigerators, and power tools. Mobile relates to transportation systems, where mass has a large influence on energy consumption. To define these modes of use, check the static mode and mobile mode boxes. For products that operate in both modes, check both boxes. Static mode: Three parameters define the static use mode: Product efficiency, power rating, and the duty cycle. The product efficiency is specified through the Energy input and output dropdown menu. This specifies the energy conversion efficiency of the product and the environmental burden associated with its energy source . For electric products, the energy equivalence and carbon footprint values depend on the country of use Table : Available energy conversion options and associated environmental data Input and output type Product efficiency Energy equivalence, source (MJ/MJ) Carbon footprint, source (kg/MJ) Electric to thermal 1 Country specific Country specific Electric to mechanical (electric motors) 0.89 Country specific Country specific Electric to chemical (lead acid battery) 0.83 Country specific Country specific Electric to chemical (advanced battery) 0.89 Country specific Country specific Electric to em radiation (incandescent lamp) 0.17 Country specific Country specific Electric to em radiation (LED) 0.86 Country specific Country specific Fossil fuel to thermal, enclosed system 1 1 0.071 Fossil fuel to thermal, vented system 0.70 1 0.071 Fossil fuel to electric 0.35 1 0.071 Fossil fuel to mechanical, internal combustion 0.30 1 0.071 Fossil fuel to mechanical, steam turbine 0.40 1 0.071 Fossil fuel to mechanical, gas turbine 0.48 1 0.071 Light to electric (solar cell) 1* 1 0 The product power rating and duty cycle are specified by the Power rating and Usage inputs. These parameters are combined with the product efficiency values to determine the static mode contribution: Static energy (J) =power rating (W)*duty cycle*(energy equivalence /production efficiency) Static use CO2(kg) = ((power rating (W)*duty cycle)/1*10^6)) *(carbon footprint/production efficiency) Where : Duty cycle(S)=production life (years)*days per year*(house per day*3600) Mobile mode: The mobile use mode is defined by three parameters: The transport type, efficiency, and the distance travelled over the products life. The transportation type and efficiency is specified through the Fuel and mobility type drop-down menu. This determines the environmental burden associated with the transportation and fuel type . For electric transportation modes, the energy equivalence and carbon footprint values depend on the country of use. Table 5. Available fuel and mobility types and associated environmental data Fuel and vehicle type Energy (MJ/tonne.km) Energy equivalence, source (MJ/MJ) Carbon footprint, source (kg/MJ) Diesel ocean shipping 0.16 1 0.071 Diesel coastal shipping 0.27 1 0.071 Diesel rail 0.31 1 0.071 Diesel heavy goods vehicle 0.90 1 0.071 Diesel light goods vehicle 1.4 1 0.071 Diesel family car 1.6 1 0.071 Electric family car 0.17 Country specific Country specific Electric rail 0.11 Country specific Country specific Gasoline hybrid family car 1.1 1 0.071 Gasoline family car 2.1 1 0.071 Gasoline super sports and SUV 4.8 1 0.071 Kerosene long haul aircraft 8.3 1 0.067 Kerosene short haul aircraft 15 1 0.067 Kerosene helicopter (Eurocopter AS 350) 50 1 0.067 LPG family car 3.9 1 0.58 These values are combined with the product usage and distance parameters to determine the contribution of the mobile mode: Source 🙠 Granta Design,Cambridge,UK ,2009) Report: The final section in the product definition allows an image and notes to be added to the eco audit report. This is compiled by clicking on the View Report button. These can be categorised into three sections: 1. Summary page provides an overview of the eco audit, with headline values for each life phase. This enables rapid identification of the dominant life phase. 2. Detailed breakdown of energy usage (accessed via Energy Details link on summary page) provides a component-by-component breakdown of each life phase, enabling the main contributors to the dominant phase to be identified. This page lists all data and calculation factors used by the eco audit tool. 3. Detailed breakdown of carbon footprint (accessed via CO2 Details link on summary page) similar to above, except for carbon footprint. The summary table quotes two totals for energy and CO2. The first value, Total, sums the environmental burden associated with the life of the existing product this is similar to the approach used by life cycle assessment (LCA) techniques. The second value, Total (including end of life saving/burden), includes end of life benefits that are realized in future life cycles. This value is useful for designers, looking to design for the environment, as it enables them to maximize the benefits that could be realized in future life cycles. Source 🙠 Granta Design,Cambridge,UK ,2009) Product name: Computer Ball Mouse, BOM: Life: 4 years COMPUTER BALL MOUSE: Figure below shows a typical computer ball mouse. The bill of materials (BOM) of the product is listed in table. The computer mouse is manufactured in south East Asia and transported to Europe by air freight, a distance of 11,000 km then distributed by 24 tonne truck over a further 275 km. The power rating is 15 W and the mass is 68.5 gms .The computer ball mouse is a pointing device used to generate movement commands for controlling a cursor position displayed on a computer monitor or a laptop. Step 1: Materials and manufacture: 100 units Material: Breakdown by component Component Material Recycle content Material Embodied Energy * (MJ/kg) Total Mass (kg) Energy (MJ) % mouse ball Low alloy steel Typical % 24.338 0.015 0.365 3.38 Housing Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) 100% 40.423 0.062 2.506 23.23 insulation wire Polyvinylchloride (tpPVC) 100% 33.757 0.030 1.013 9.39 rubber material Polyurethane (tpPUR) 100% 49.916 0.012 0.599 5.55 USB inside part Stainless steel Typical % 59.288 0.005 0.296 2.75 plasticpart inside USB Phenolics 0% (virgin) 90.335 0.006 0.542 5.02 USB jack(casing) Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) 100% 40.423 0.021 0.849 7.87 internal wires Copper Typical % 48.115 0.096 4.619 42.81 Total 0.247 10.789 100 Mass and energy data for material phase Component Qty. Part mass (kg) Embodied Energy, primary production (MJ/kg) Recycle fraction in current supply (%) Embodied Energy, recycling (MJ/kg) mouse ball 1 0.015 34.871 41.952 9.764 Housing 2 0.031 96.343 0.707 40.423 insulation wire 3 0.010 80.374 0.707 33.757 rubber material 4 0.003 118.849 0.707 49.916 USB inside part 5 0.001 81.149 37.417 22.722 plasticpart inside USB 6 0.001 90.335 0.707 0.000 USB jack(casing) 7 0.003 96.343 0.707 40.423 internal wires 8 0.012 70.937 42.895 17.734 The bar chart in the below figure shows the energy breakdown delivered by the eco audit tool. Table show the energy and co2 summary Manufacture: Breakdown by component Component Process Processing Energy (MJ/kg) Total Mass (kg) Energy (MJ) % mouse ball Casting 4.173 0.015 0.063 4.21 housing Polymer molding 10.958 0.062 0.679 45.67 insulation wire Polymer extrusion 3.575 0.030 0.107 7.21 rubber material Polymer molding 10.129 0.012 0.122 8.17 USB inside part Casting 4.140 0.005 0.021 1.39 plasticpart inside USB Polymer molding 12.755 0.006 0.077 5.14 USB jack(casing) Polymer molding 10.958 0.021 0.230 15.47 internal wires Forging, rolling 1.975 0.096 0.190 12.74 Total 0.247 1.488 100 Step 2: Transport For step 2 it retrieved the energy and CO2 profile of the selected transport mode from a look-up table. Transport: Breakdown by transport stage Total product mass = 0.25 kg Stage Name Transport Type Transport Energy (MJ/tonne.km) Distance (km) Energy (MJ) % East Europe Rail freight 0.310 2500.000 0.191 26.00 Rotherham 14 tonne truck 0.850 126.000 0.026 3.59 Hampshire Light goods vehicle 1.400 308.000 0.107 14.47 Birmingham 14 tonne truck 0.850 75.000 0.016 2.14 East Europe Rail freight 0.310 2500.000 0.191 26.00 Stortford 14 tonne truck 0.850 351.000 0.074 10.01 Rothernham 14 tonne truck 0.850 126.200 0.026 3.60 Sussex Light goods vehicle 1.400 302.000 0.104 14.19 Total 6288.200 0.736 100 Breakdown by components Total transport distance = 6.3e+03 km Component Total Mass (kg) Energy (MJ) % mouse ball 0.015 0.045 6.07 Housing 0.062 0.185 25.10 insulation wire 0.030 0.089 12.15 rubber material 0.012 0.036 4.86 USB inside part 0.005 0.015 2.02 plasticpart inside USB 0.006 0.018 2.43 USB jack(casing) 0.021 0.063 8.50 internal wires 0.096 0.286 38.87 Total 0.247 0.736 100 It then multiplies these by the total weight of the product and the distance travelled. If more than one Transport stage is entered; the tool sums them, storing the sum. For step 3 the tool retrieves an efficiency factor for the chosen energy conversion mode (here electric to mechanical) finding in its look-up table. STEP 3: USE PHASE: STATIC MODE Use: Mode Energy (MJ) % Static 0.000 Mobile 0.000 Total 0.000 100 The tool uses this and the user-entered values for power and usage to calculate the energy and CO2 profile of the use phase. For the final step 4 the tool retrieved the recycle energy and recycle fraction in current supply for each material and replaced the energy and CO2 profiles for virgin materials with values for materials made with this fraction of recycled content. Finally it created a bar chart and summary of energy or CO2 according to user-choice and a report detailing the results of each step of the calculation. An overall reassessment of the eco impact of the computer mouse should, of course, explore ways of reducing energy and carbon in all four phases of life, seeking the most efficient methods. Housing Materials selected are : 1) Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) Plastic 2) Polymethyl methacrylate (acrylic,PMMA) 3) Polystyrene (PS) Materials used in computer mouse Copper Copper is used in the wiring for tail of the mouse . Copper is an excellent electrical conductor which is extremely used in wiring for power lighting ,heating and several daily purposes ,but copper are not used directly ,they are bounded with insulation wire .The metal is also used in electric and electronic compounds ,so that it can flow electricity very easily ,as it is a good conductor of electricity ,this is type of metal in which there are many types of contents present in the same form and in general cadmium free copper is known with the name electrolyte copper which is 100 pure. Year by year the usage of copper is increasing, at present every year 15 million tonnes of copper is used .copper has several properties which are combidely remarkable .It is a good electrical and thermal conductor it is ductile and can prevent bacterial growth .recycling of copper is important as it is limited .And recycling of copper is well suited as it can be re melted without losing the properties. Extraction of copper In nature the metal are found in compounds which are usually combined with oxygen. The compounds are mixed up in rocks or minerals which are called as ores. A ore is a rock that has enough metal in it to make it worth extracting the metal. The main ore of copper are * Chalcopyrite * Bornite * Malachite The tree main stages of extracting copper are * Mining * Extraction * Purification Mining process: In this process the copper ore will be dug form the ground. The ore contains some mineral and lot of waste rock. For every 1000 tones 6 tonnes of copper can be extracted. Copper electrolyte Copper sulphate fig explains us the electrolysis process extracting copper. Extraction process: In this process the ore has to be changed in to metal ,this process is called reduction. The table explains us the extraction of copper and process used. Metal Ore Reactivity Primary process Copper Various ore Low Roasting in air Purification: In this process many metal are impure when they are extracted from there ores, impurities have to be removed copper is purified by electrolysis process as mentioned above in the figure; the copper is transformed from an impure anode to cathode of an electrolytic cell. The copper produced by this process is 99.99% pure. Recycling of copper is very important: This process of recycling has several advantages like price, limited resources, energy efficiency, land fills costs, and the last important thing is environment. Manufacturing process of copper used in mouse cable: There are two process used in manufacturing they are rolling and forging. USB INSIDE PART (METAL) 1) Stainless steel 2) Medium carbon steel 3) High carbon steel 4) Low carbon steel Stain less steel: U.S.B port is made of stain less steel .stainless steel is defined as in ox steel which is defined as alloy steel with 11% chromium content by mass, it is stainless steel because of the content In addition to iron, carbon, and chromium, modern stainless steel may also contain other elements, such as nickel, niobium, molybdenum, and titanium. It is the addition of a minimum of 12% chromium to the steel that makes it resist rust, or stain less than other types of steel. The invisible layer chrome-containing oxide named passive film can be formed by the mixture of oxygen in the atmosphere and chromium in the steel. The sizes of chromium atoms and their oxides are similar, so they pack together on the surface of the metal, forming a stable layer only a few atoms thick. If the metal is cut or scratched and the passive film is disrupted, more oxide will quickly form and recover the exposed surface, protecting it from oxidative corrosion. Iron, on the other hand, rust quickly because atomic iron is much smaller than its oxide, so the oxide forms a loose rather than tightly-packed layer and flakes away. The passive film requires oxygen to self-repair, so stainless steels have poor corrosion resistance in low-oxygen and poor circulation environments. In seawater, chlorides from the salt will attack and destroy the passive film more quickly than it can be repaired in a low oxygen environment of chromium. Manufacturing process: The manufacture of stain less involve several process in the first the steel is melted and then it is casted in to solid form, the heat treatment is done in then it is cleaned and the polishing of the metal is done when the desired shape is achieved. The stages of extracting stain less steel are * Melting and casting * Forming * Heat treatment * De scaling * Cutting * finishing Melting and casting: In this process the raw materials are melted together in an electric furnace. The whole process takes half days for intense heat. After the melting is done, the molten steel will be casted into different forms which include blooms (rectangular shapes), billets which are round or square in shape with 1.5 inches or 3.8 centimetres in thickness, slabs, rods, and tube rounds. Forming: The semi finished steel goes through the forming operations with hot rolling in which heat is formed to steel and the steel is heated and passed through huge rolls .where the stain less steel is formed. Heat treatment: Most types must go through an annealing step, before stainless steel is formed. Annealing is a heat treatment where steel is heated and cooled under controlled conditions to relieve internal stresses and soften the metal. De scaling :De scaling is a process where Annealing is caused to build-up to form on the steel. The scale can be removed using several processes. The de scaling steps occur at different stages depending on the type of steel being worked. Bar and wire, for instance, go through further forming steps like hot rolling, forging, or extruding, after the initial hot rolling before being annealed and descaled. Sheet and strip, go through an initial annealing and descaling step after hot rolling. After cold rolling passing through rolls at a relatively low temperature, which produces a further reduction in thickness, sheet and strip are annealed and descaled again,a final cold rolling step then prepares the steel leading to final processing. Cutting : In this process the stainless steel is done with Cutting operations which are usually necessary to obtain the desired blank shape or size to trim the part to final size. Mechanical cutting is commonly obtained to the cut in to the desired shapes Finishing: Finishing is an important process because appearance is the important process. Certain surface finishes also make stainless steel easier to clean, which are important for sanitary applications. A smooth surface is obtained by polishing also provides better corrosion resistance. Surface finishes are the result of processes used in fabricating the various forms or are the result of further General process used for the manufacture of stainless steel https://www.madehow.com/images/hpm_0000_0001_0_img0192.jpg Insulation for cables: Materials used are: 1) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 2) Polyoxymethylene (POM) 3) Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) 4) Polyetherethreketone (PEEK) Polyvinyl chloride: copper wire is circulated by insulating wire which is made up of poly vinyl chloride It is a thermo plastic layer and also vinyl polymer constructed of repeating vinyl groups, poly vinyl is the most common produced plastic, it is noted that nearly 40 millions of tonnes is manufactured every year. Manufacturing process: Poly vinyl is manufactured in polymerization process. Most of the common mass is chlorine which creates a given mass of PVC; due to this it requires less polymer than any other polymer. PVC has a higher density than hydrocarbon polymers, and production of chlorine has its own energy requirements , which ends up being of little practical relevance in the production of most solid objects.The most widely used process for production is suspension polymerization. , VCM and water are added into the reactor of polymerization and initiator of polymerization, along with other chemical additives, which are added to initiate the polymerization reaction ,the reaction vessel which are contented are mixed in an order to maintain the suspension and ensure a uniform particle size of the PVC resin. The reaction comes out to be exothermic, which requires a cooling mechanism this is because it has to maintain the reactor contents at the appropriate temperature. During the course of reaction,PVC slurry is degassed and stripped to remove excess VCM which is recycled into the next process, then passed though a centrifuge to remove most of the excess water. The slurry is then dried further in a hot air bed and the resulting powder sieved before storage or pelletization. In normal operations, PVC has a VCM content of less than 1 part per million, Other production processes, such as micro-suspension polymerization and emulsion polymerization, produce PVC with smaller particle sizes (10 ÃŽÂ ¼m vs. 120-150 ÃŽÂ ¼m for suspension PVC) with slightly different properties and with somewhat different sets of applications. The product of the polymerization process is unmodified PVC. Before PVC can be made into finished products, it almost always requires conversion into a compound by the incorporation of additives such as heat stabilizers, UV stabilizers, lubricants, plasticizers, processing aids, impact modifiers, thermal modifiers, fillers, flame retardants, biocides, blowing agents and smoke suppressors, and, optionally pigments. https://img.informer.com/wiki/mediawiki/thumb.php?f=PVC-polymerisation-2D.pngwidth=40 Low alloy steel: In the research it was found that the properties were similar to stain less steel and the low alloy steel used in the mouse was with same properties as used in the mouse ball. Rubber material (Coating over metal Ball) Materials used are: 1) Polyurethane 2) ABS 3) Polyester 4) Cellulose polymers(CA) 5) Polystyrene Polyurethane: Polyurethane is rubber based material which is bounded on stainless steel of the mouse, the mouse is in circle shape and that is ripped off with polyurethane Polyurethanes, are most commonly known as polycarbamates, they belong to a larger class of compounds called polymers. Polymers are macromolecules which are made up of smaller. The repeating units known as monomers, they are attached with side groups which consist of a primary long chain back bone molecule. Carbamate groups characterize the Polyurethanes (-NHCO2) in their molecular backbone. By reacting monomers in a reaction vessel, Synthetic polymers, like polyurethane, are produced In order to produce polyurethane, a stepà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ also known as condensationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ reaction is performed. In this type of chemical reaction, the monomers that are present contain reacting end groups. Specifically, a diisocyanate (OCN-R-NCO) is reacted with a diol (HO-R-OH). The first step of this reaction results in the chemical linking of the two molecules leaving a reactive alcohol (OH) on one side and a reactive isocyanate (NCO) on the other. These groups react further with other monomers to form a larger, longer molecule. This is a rapid process which yields high molecular weight materials even at room temperature. Polyurethanes that have important commercial uses typically contain other functional groups in the molecule including esters, ethers, amides, or urea groups. Manufacturing process for the extraction of polyurethane https://www.niir.org/g/c/ni-173/11.jpg References: 1) Granta Design Limited, Cambridge, (2009)(www.grantadesign.com), CES EduPack User Guide 2) Ashby, M.F. (2005) Materials Selection in Mechanical Design, 3rd edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, UK , Chapter 16. 3) https://www.gdrc.org/uem/lca/lca-define.html 4) Baer, E., Advance polymer ,Scientific American, Vol.225,No.4,Oct 1896. 5) Engineered materials Handbook ,Vol 2 , Engineering Plastics, ASM international ,Materials Park,OH,1988 6) R.J., and P. Lovell , Introduction to polymers, 2nd edition ,chapman and Hall , New York , 1991. 7) Billmeyer , F.W..Jr.,Text book of Polymer science,3rd edition, Jhon Wiley sons , New York ,1984 . Chapter 11. 8) Kingery , W.D.,H.K.Bowen ,and D.R, Uhlmann,Introduction metals, 2nd edition ,jhon Wiley sons ,New York ,1976 Chapter 14 and 15. 9) Gordon , P., principles of phase diagrams in materials systems, McGraw hill Book company new York ,1986. 10) Cambridge Engineering Selector v4,Granta Design Limited , Cambridge, UK,2005. 11) Cebon,D.Ashby,M.F. and Lee-Shothaman,L.CES Edupack 2009 users Manual , 1, Granta Design limited, Cambridge, UK,2005. 12) ABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrene On Designsite.dk, lists applications. Retrieved 27 October 2006. 13) Ed., Time-Life Books. Input/output Understanding Computers. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1990 14) Alexander, Howard. Behold the Lowly Mouse: Clever Technology Close at Hand. 15) N.A. Hart. 2009. Course documents on sustainable design and manufacture. Available online from: https://blackboard.staffs.ac.uk/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab=coursesurl=/bin/common/course.pl?course_id=_5182_ 16) copper and its uses on https://www.ganapati engineering.com [accessed on 2010] 17) Copper a vital element on https:// resources .school sciences .co.uk [accessed on 2009] 18)Why is stain less steel stain less on www.science direct.com 19) Manufacturing process of stainless steel on www.industrialmetalcasting.com/pdf/ss-mfg-process. 20) polyurethane on https://www.enotes.com/how-products-encyclopedia/polyurethane 21)Lockton, D., Harrison, D.J., Stanton, N.A. Making the user more efficient: Design for sustainable behaviour. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering Vol.1 No. 1, pp. 3-8, March 2008) https://www.danlockton.co.uk/design-for-sustainable-behaviour/ 21) 22) Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine: February 2010 Volume 52 Issue 2 pp 163-168 LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT: LCA is a holistic tool used to identify the environmental consequences of a product, process or activity through its entire life cycle and to identify opportunities for achieving environmental improvements. Life cycle stages include: ÃÆ' ¼ Raw materials acquisition, ÃÆ' ¼ Manufacturing, ÃÆ' ¼ Use/reuse. ÃÆ' ¼ Maintenance. ÃÆ' ¼ And recycling/waste management. Taking as an example the case of computer mouse an LCA involves making detailed measurements during the manufacture of the product. LCA information is to be taken into consideration is at the design stage of new products. LCA approach consists of four interrelated components: Goal definition and scoping: definition of the study purpose and objectives, identification of the product, process or activity of interest, identification of the intended end-use of study results and key assumptions employed. Inventory analysis: Identification and quantification of raw materials and energy inputs, air emissions, water effluents, solid waste, and other life-cycle inputs and outputs. Impact assessment: Qualitative and qualitative classification, characterization and valuation of impacts to ecosystems, human health and natural resources, based on the results of a life-cycle inventory. Improvement assessment: Identification and evaluation of opportunities to achieve improvements in processes that result in reduced environmental impacts, based on the results of an inventory analysis or impact assessment. LCA gives the entire cradle to grave activities of a product or process i.e from processing of raw materials to transportation, extraction, in addition to reviewing the issue of material re-use and final disposal. As a system LCA identifies processes and potential environmental burdens throughout a products life cycle. The term life cycle refers to the holistic assessment which requires the assessment of raw material production, manufacture, distribution, use and disposal including all intervening transportation steps. LCA method is one of the official methods for environmental evaluation. It recognises that every product has impact on the environment during all phases of its life and it has started a system, where each new product standard is attached with a temporary environmental annex. For in this regard life cycle assessment is a central tool. The LCA method can be divided into three basic steps Goal and scope definition Inventory analysis Impact assessment The first step in the LCA method is the goal and scope definition. For the scope the following items should be clearly described LCA is a technique that allows the comparison of the environmental impacts of materials and products. This assessment provides quantitative data to identify the potential environmental impacts of the material or product on the environment. LCA is common for assessments to be made of more limited periods eg. Cradle-to-gate and cover the entire life cycle life cycle of a material. The entire analysis is referred to as cradle-to-cradle which refers to production from extraction of raw materials, production and delivery and is often broken down into phases of lesser ambition. Goal definition and scoping is the most critical component of LCA because it provides a frame of reference for the entire study and helps define interrelationships among the other three LCA components; inventory analysis, impact assessment, and improvement assessment. The goal definition identifies the overall purpose for the LCA and its intended applications. Goal definition and scoping initiates the LCA and then drives the scope, boundary settings, data categories and data needs. This process is continuously revisited during an LCA. Scoping defines the boundaries, assumptions and limitations and should be done before an LCA is conducted to ensure that the breadth and depth of analysis are consistent with the defined goal of the LCA. Inventory Analysis: It is the most well-developed component of LCA. A completed inventory analysis provides an overview of the life-cycle inputs and outputs associated with a particular system. The results of an inventory analysis may be used to identify areas to achieve improvement, as baseline information for conducting an impact assessment or some combination of the two. This analysis gives the boundaries of the system to be studied and develop a data questionnaire to collect the appropriate data. Develops stand alone subsystem data and conduct a peer review to validate the results. ABS Acrylonitrile -butadiene-styrene is an amorphous polymer consisting of the three monomers (A,B,S) offer flexibility in which acrylonitrile provides chemical resistance, ageing resistance, hardness, rigidity, gloss and melt strength .Butadiene provides low temperature ductitlity,flexibility and melt strength. Styrene provides processing ease, gloss and hardness. The main disadvantages of ABS are its poor solvent and fatigue resistance poor UV resistance, unless protected and maximum continuous use temperature is only around 70 degree centigrade. Phenolics; Phenolic resins are obtained by polymerization and in the preparation of phenolic resins, the mode of catalysis of the resulting resin indicates the overall property characteristics. The phenolic resins have the following features: 1. These resins have excellent thermal behaviour 2. High strength level 3. Mechanical stability 4. Thermal stability 5. Low toxicity 6. Electrical and thermal insulating capabilities 7. Good cost performance characteristics 8. Low heat transfer 9. Excellent flammability performance As these properties are unique and valuable, they are among the most important thermo sets. For many years Phenolics have been used as general non reinforced thermo set plastics in applications such as electrical switches , computer peripherals etc.. These phenolic resins have high crosslink densities so they are quite brittle and have high shrinkage.

The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde - 687 Words

Thesis-In The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde, main character, Dorian Gray , in his times of greatest pain chooses to focus only on what is beautiful which leads to his death and shows that beauty obscures reality. Dorian Grays romantic interest, Sibyl kills herself after an altercation with Dorian; he looks at the nature around him to avoid the reality of the suicide that he has caused. Dorian first sees Sibyl when she acts at a rundown and low quality theater. She acts as many characters from several of Shakespeare’s plays, such as Juliet, Imogen, and Ophelia from Romeo and Juliet, Cymbeline, and Hamlet. Dorian immediately is enamored with Sibyl; her acting ability awes him. Dorian proposes to Sibyl, but after a performance her and Dorian mercilessly fight with each other. Later after the argument, Sibyl kills herself. Dorian’s friend Lord Henry comes to Dorian’s home to inform him of her suicide. Lord Henry tells Dorian My letter-dont be frightened- was to tell you that Sibyl Vane is dead.† and â€Å" A cry of pain broke from the lads[Dorian’s] lips, and he leaped to his feet, tearing his hands away from Lord Henrys grasp. Dead! Sibyl dead! It is not true! It is a horrible lie! How dare you say it?(Wilde 101). Dorian is taken aback and astounded to hear the news of the death of Sibyl. The alliteration â€Å"lads lips, and he leaped† show the fluidity in which the actions occurred. The repetitive l sound shows that Dorian’s emotions happened at once because theShow MoreRelatedThe Picture Of Dorian Gray By Oscar Wilde2792 Words   |  12 Pages The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde In Oscar Wilde’s first novel The Picture of Dorian Gray, Wilde strategically uses his main characters Lord Henry Wotton and Basil Hallward to represent good versus evil influences throughout the reading. In the book, Dorian Gray plays the role of the everyman who is in a vicious circle on having to decide between the side of good or evil. Lord Henry is the evil influence and is seen as a more devil-like character while Basil Hallward is the good ChristianityRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray By Oscar Wilde1523 Words   |  7 PagesReader Response Entry #6: Chapters 10-11 The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde was not received well by critics when it was published in 1890. This was because it contained themes of homosexuality and was considered scandalous. Now, it is just considered a philosophical novel dealing with morals. I think that this book would very much be viewed as indecent in Wilde’s time. For example, when talking about Dorian’s public image, Wilde writes, â€Å"Society--civilized society, at least--is never veryRead MoreThe Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde832 Words   |  3 Pagescharacteristics of self-destructive properties. In the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray, Oscar Wilde shows how these can lead to a man’s downfall. He displays this through the character of Dorian Gray. The novel explains how as Dorian grows up and through his life, he is ultimately destroyed by his own ego, vanity and inability to change or realize how what he does affects not only him but the lives of those around him. Dorian Gray struggles throughout the novel with the daunting facts that he isRead MoreThe Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde1967 Words   |  8 Pages In The Picture of Dorian Gray, Oscar Wilde disputes the role and conflicts between Aestheticism and morality. He exposes his contradictions and inner struggles throughout his three main characters: Lord Henry, a nobleman who criticizes the moralism and hypocrisy of Victorian society and openly expresses his Aesthetic thoughts, Dorian Gray, a handsome model influenced by Lord Henry’s views on beauty and morality, and Basil Hallward, an artist captivated by Dorian’s beauty. The novel mainly dealsRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray By Oscar Wilde1060 Words   |  5 PagesThe Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde is a philosophical/gothic fiction. Setting: The novel takes place in the peak of the Decadent artistic movement of the 1890s, which occurred in the Victorian era of London and is known for its judgmental social standards, highlighting the contrast between the wealthier, materialistic higher classes and the dull middle-class society, making the novel more audacious. Plot: A famous artist named Basil Hallward completes his first portrait of Dorian Gray: aRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray By Oscar Wilde1414 Words   |  6 Pagesto me†¦(â€Å"Fallenoracle†).† This quote from the tv series Quantico does an effective job of expressing what Lord Henry’s influence has done to Dorian Gray throughout the philosophical novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde. While some might argue that Dorian s actual nature does not change significantly, an additional perspective is that Dorian Gray is a dynamic character that gains negative character traits by becoming vain of his youth, increasingly paranoid of someone learning of his portraitRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray : Oscar Wilde2014 Words   |  9 PagesAdrian Balakumar Mr.Sal AP Lit 15 December 2014 The Picture of Dorian Gray - Oscar Wilde 1) In the book, The Picture of Dorian Gray, several characteristics of the world have been presented. The author portrays the world as a den of individuals with a skewed view of the immediate environment. The author depicts the world as a place where physical traits like beauty or handsomeness are important than a person’s virtues. Dorian spends his time studying music and other beautiful things that life hasRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray By Oscar Wilde1731 Words   |  7 PagesMy choice for this summer reading assignment was to read The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde. This is a philosophical fiction novel meaning it devotes a significant portion of the novel to sort the questions that are addressed in discursive philosophy, that can include: the role in society, the purpose of living, ethnic or morals, experience, etc. Throughout history art has played a huge role in portraying the structure of society and how the people play in it.The novel takes place in theRe ad MoreThe Influences of Oscar Wilde The Picture of Dorian Gray1582 Words   |  7 PagesThe Influences of Oscar Wilde Throughout his life Oscar Wilde had many strong influences exerted upon him. During his early childhood his mother influenced him and into college some of his professors and certain philosophers left a substantial impression upon him. Into adulthood these influences leaked out in his writing. These influences gave him ample ideas for writing The Picture of Dorian Gray. Wildes study of the Hellenistic ideals of Epicurus, his coddled lifestyle as a child and his devotionRead MoreOscar Wilde s The Picture Of Dorian Gray1544 Words   |  7 Pagescelebrity I find that it is inevitable to avoid being a part of some sort of controversy. At the height of Oscar Wilde’s career is where he found himself in just that. Although Wilde’s novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray is praised today, in the late 1800s it was seen by others as a negative shift in society and literature. In the film â€Å"Wilde†, after the release of The Picture of Dorian Gray, Wilde’s wife Constance and his mother Jane have a conversation in regards to the novel that gives insight to

Institutions and Entrepreneurship Development †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Institutions and Entrepreneurship Development. Answer: Introduction: The report below argues about the innovation and entrepreneurship as the contextual factor that affect the company's functioning. It discusses about the meaning of innovation and entrepreneurship and their role in the company called 7- Eleven. This company is discussed because it is called as one of the most innovative firms in the market. Thus, the study of this firm supports the study well. It also discusses about some of the recommendations that the company should adopt in order to make more improvements in the processes. The popularity of convenience stores is very much increased these days. As these stores allow the customers to buy their daily use products such as groceries, toiletries, soft drinks, tobacco, snacks food etc. All under one roof (Edquist, 2010). This is the reason why these stores are called convenience stores. 7- Eleven is one of the company that provides the customers with such facility of convenience stores. The company was originated at Taxas in the year of 1927. This company is considered as one of the largest companies that operate or provide license to operate the convenience stores (7-eleven franchises, 2017). The company operates around 21,000 units of convenience stores in the world. It is the convenience stores that serve the customers 24 hours a day and seven days a week. It has been analyzed that this company is very much customer oriented in nature as it focuses of fulfilling the needs of the customers. It is considered as one of the most innovative firm as compared to its other competitors Innovation and entrepreneurship: It is a well-known fact that competition is increasing with a high pace in almost all of the industries and businesses. In order to withstand in the industry and to compete with the competitors, it is very important to attract the customers and the market. There are many factors that affect the organizational decision regarding their processes and strategies. Innovation is one of the factors that play an important role in the organizational processes. This is because innovation in the processes and the business operations helps the business to be unique. Bringing uniqueness is very essential for the businesses these days as there are large number of companies serving the customer with the same type of products (Aidis, Estrin, Mickiewicz, 2008). Government of the counties is supporting the innovative ideas of the business because they have also realized that innovations the key to every businesss success and the success of businesses can only bring money to the nation. Innovation can be defined as the ability to think out of the box. In term of organization and businesses, it is the tendency to research in a particular area and think about bringing changes in the current processes so as to improve the same (Arogundade, 2011). Innovation can be brought up by conducting in depth research in the subject and by implementing new ideas in action in order to look for its results. It is basically the process of creating new ideas with the already available resources by exploiting the opportunities that are persisting in the market. It is not only the aspect of business idea that needs be innovated but the processes that are used to conduct the business can also undergo innovations in order to create and develop a new way to conduct the old activity. There are different types and levels of innovation that have been done by the organization. Revolution is the type or level of innovation at which the organization used to destruct the already existing process related to th e business and brought up changes in the process (Battilana, Leca Boxenbaum, 2009). The next level is termed as renewal. Renewal refers to making the changes that are new to the process and the last level is resilience that deals with continuous changes that bring about in the process or business according to the changing needs. This is a type of continuous process. Another factor that affects the process of business is entrepreneurship. It has different definition for different people. Entrepreneurship can be defined as the process of opening a new venture by the individual who has the capability of taking risks in the field in which he is finding an opportunity. Another definition of entrepreneurship argues that it is the process of innovation and creativity (Bessant Tidd, 2007). Thus, the overall discussion suggests that entrepreneurship is the process that allows the individual to exploit the opportunities available in the market with his own innovation so that his business can be unique enough to attract the customer in the market. There are many characteristics of being entrepreneurs and every business cannot say to be entrepreneurial business as entrepreneurship is very much related with innovation and creativity (Martin, 1994).Creativity is the first characteristic of the entrepreneurship as discussed earlier that creating new ideas and thinks out of the box reaming in the practical consideration is very important in the process of entrepreneurship. Innovation and entrepreneurship in 7- Eleven: As far as innovation is concerned, it has been analyzed that 7- Eleven is the company that fits in the example of an innovative firm. This is because the company is engaged in continuous innovation processes (Drucker, 2014).The first innovation is seen in the products of the company as company has introduced the market with some of the products that are very new such as Big gulp, Big bite, Slurpee etc. It has also been analyzed that the company always try to build up new methods to help their franchisees in order to make effective connection between the store and the customers. It is one of the companies that initiated the trend of introducing private brand products (Scholl, 2004). These products are sold on competitive prices to the competitors products. The availability of the company's private products and the other brands products under the same roof helps the customer to make effective comparison. Another innovation has been found in development of test kitchens. These kitchens are framed in order to develop and test new recipes and flavors that is being test before releasing into the market. Bringing technology in the business is another move of the company that helps in providing new shopping experience to the customers is also a strategy of the company but cannot said to be innovative. Introduction of bill pay app is a new way of paying bills by the customers. The company believes that innovation is done not only for the success of the business but is necessary for the changes that occur in the environment and the customers needs (Windrum Koch, 2008).The company concentrates on delivering the healthy and fresh products to the customers and to the stores. In order to conduct this activity, they collaborated with the farmer directly so that they can get fresh fruits, vegetables, grains etc. This nature of the company suggests that the company is entrepreneurial in nature as it has the characteristics of taking initiatives to bring change in the processes of the company such as in logistics of the company (Walters Rainbird, 2007). The company has improved its logistics system in such a way that helps them, to deliver all sorts of products along with these fresh products with great ease. The step of automation of all the system such as inventory, pay, etc. Allows the company to focus on customers rather than on these activities. This is because automation help the company to management these department very easily. The company is said to be in the stage of resilience as it believes in brining continuous change and modifications in the processes. In terms of innovation and entrepreneurship, the company is already excelling as it has taken initiatives to conduct many innovative activities in the company. It can be recommended to the company that it should focus on brings stability in the organization, this is because continues innovative bring changing the process and these changes need to be adopted by the company. The frequent process of adaptation may rupture the stability in the organization. Conclusion: The above discussion concludes that innovation and entrepreneurship is the very important and crucial part of any firms activities and processes. 7- Eleven is the firm that involves innovation in their processes to succeed (Amit Zott, 2012). It is considered as one of the most innovative firms in its industry. The company also shows some of the characteristics of true entrepreneurship. It has been concluded from the study that innovation and creativity plays an important roles in developing the company and also allow the companies to have some of the competitive advantage over others. References: 7-eleven franchises (2017). Why 7-eleven. [Online]. Accessed on: 9 may 2017, available at: https://franchise.7-eleven.com/franchise/always-innovating Aidis, R., Estrin, S., Mickiewicz, T. (2008). Institutions and entrepreneurship development in Russia: A comparative perspective.Journal of Business Venturing,23(6), 656-672 Amit, R., Zott, C. (2012). Creating value through business model innovation.MIT Sloan Management Review,53(3), 41. Arogundade, B. B. (2011). Entrepreneurship education: An imperative for sustainable development in Nigeria.Journal of emerging trends in educational research and policy studies (JETERAPS),2(1), 26-29. Battilana, J., Leca, B., Boxenbaum, E. (2009). 2 how actors change institutions: towards a theory of institutional entrepreneurship.Academy of Management annals,3(1), 65-107. Bessant, J., Tidd, J. (2007).Innovation and entrepreneurship. John Wiley Sons. Drucker, P. (2014).Innovation and entrepreneurship. Routledge. Edquist, C. (2010). Systems of innovation perspectives and challenges.African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development,2(3), 14-45. Martin, M. J. (1994).Managing innovation and entrepreneurship in technology-based firms(Vol. 20). John Wiley Sons. Scholl, W. (2004).Innovation und Information: Wie in Unternehmen neues Wissen produziert wird. Hogrefe Verlag. Walters, D., Rainbird, M. (2007). Cooperative innovation: a value chain approach.Journal of enterprise information management,20(5), 595-607. Windrum, P., Koch, P. M. (Eds.). (2008).Innovation in public sector services: entrepreneurship, creativity and management. Edward Elgar Publishing.